Persister Formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Induced by Cinnamaldehyde
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Abstract:
The effects of cinnamaldehyde (CA) on persister formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae were investigated in this study. CA was found to effectively inhibit the growth of S. cerevisiae in a 96-well plate with a minimum inhibitory concentration value of 0.4 mM. The formation of persister cells in S. cerevisiae cells after exposure to cinnamaldehyde was further explored by flow cytometry and serial dilution-drop plate counting methods. The results showed that CA inhibited the growth of S. cerevisiae cells, and S. cerevisiae cells were induced to form the persister state showing amphotericin B resistance. Further studies showed that CA treatment led to growth arrest of S. cerevisiae cells at any stage in the cell cycle, whereas cells undergoing autophagy induced by rapamycin stopped during the G1 phase. Therefore, persisters in S. cerevisiae differed from cells in autophagy. Previous studies of persister mainly focused on prokaryotic pathogens rather than eukaryotic cells. Additionally, the natural persister population accounted for an extremely small proportion of the overall population, creating challenges in studies of the genetic mechanisms underlying their formation. The findings of this study showed that CA treatment induced persister formation in most S. cerevisiae cells, providing a method for understanding the genetic mechanism underlying persister formation in eukaryotes. Results also confirmed that the YGL gene was significantly associated with persister formation in S. cerevisiae.
