Calcium Enrichment of Fresh-cut Apples via Magnetically and Electrically Assisted Impregnation
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Abstract:
An alternating electrical field induced by mutual inductance was combined with a rotating magnetic field at 0.13 mT and 1 Hz frequency to conduct calcium fortification of fresh-cut apples in impregnation solutions. The effects of different excitation voltages, excitation signal types, pulse signal duty cycles, and solution types on the calcium content in the samples were investigated by combining the forces from the alternating electrical field and rotating magnetic field to accelerate the diffusion of free ions in the apple tissues. The results showed that higher excitation voltage levels were more conducive to the diffusion of ions into apple tissues. Compared with samples treated by sine, triangle, and sawtooth wave excitations, the sample treated by pulse wave excitation had a higher calcium content. In the impregnation solution systems with different conductivities, the highest calcium content of the fresh-cut apples treated by a sucrose-calcium chloride solution was 94 mg/100 g, which was an increase of 119.0% or 91.6% over that of samples treated by a sucrose-calcium lactate solution or a sucrose-calcium gluconate solution, respectively. In addition, the increasing trend in the calcium content of the sample slowed down after 50 min. This study provides a reference method for facilitating the penetration of calcium ions into the tissues of porous plants.
