Molecular Mechanisms of Novel Synthetic Analogs of Tachyplesin against Pathogenic Escherichia coli F41
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Abstract:
This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity and antibacterial kinetics of synthetic tachyplesins. The changes in the secondary structure of the synthetic peptides were investigated by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and the effect of synthetic peptides on the microstructure of cells was investigated by electron microscopy. The permeability of the cell membrane was investigated by leakages of K+ ion l and ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing materials, and the interaction between synthetic peptides and genomic DNA was investigated by DNA gel retardation experiment. The results showed that the antibacterial activity and antibacterial kinetics were different in different synthetic tachyplesins, and the antibacterial activity was related with the concentration of tachyplesins and the action time. The cellular microstructure of Escherichia coli was significantly changed by synthetic antimicrobial peptides Tac, TacW, and TacV causing leakages of K+ ions and UV absorbing materials, changes in cell membrane permeability, bacterial cell wall fractures, and cell collapse. At the same time, synthetic antibacterial peptides could bind to genomic DNA and lead to gel retardation. In conclusion, the action mechanism of synthetic tachyplesins is closely related to the ratio of amphiphilic amino acids and basic amino acids in tachyplesins structure. The molecular mechanisms involves multiple effects, including changes in membrane permeability and bacterial cell microstructure, genomic DNA binding, inhibition of replication and transcription, and formation of multiple targets.
