Isolation and Identification of Bioactive Compounds with Antioxidant Activities from Sanhua Plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.)
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Abstract:
The total phenol and flavonoid content as well as the antioxidant activities of extracts from the fruit pulp, pit, and leaf of Sanhua plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) were comparatively studied. The plum leaf extract had the highest total phenolic content (14.75 g gallic acid equiv/100 g extract) and total flavonoid content (5.45 g catechin equiv/100 g extract), and possessed the strongest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH?) radical scavenging activity (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value = 79.75 μg/mL) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (6521.74 μmol trolox equiv/g). Using column chromatography, three flavonoids were separated from Sanhua plum leaves for the first time; they were identified as kaempferol-3,7-O-α-L-dirhamnoside, kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside, and kaempferol-7-O-α-L-rhamnoside by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Among them, kaempferol-7-O-α-L-rhamnoside possessed the strongest DPPH? radical scavenging activity (IC50 value = 12.93 μg/mL) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (8.83 μmol trolox equiv/μmol). The compound with the highest content in the plum leaf extract was kaempferol-3,7-O-α-L-dirhamnoside (6.40 g/100 g extract). Therefore, plum leaf extract can be an effective antioxidant for use in health care products.
