Effects of Patulin on the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Human Embryonic Kidney Cells
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Abstract:
To study the mechanism of patulin on the proliferation and apoptosis of human embryonic kidney cells, HEK293 cells were cultured and treated with different concentrations of patulin in vitro. The effect of patulin on cell proliferation level was examined by LDH cytotoxicity assay. The morphological changes in patulin-treated HEK293 cells were observed using scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. The cell apoptosis rate was detected by Annexin V-EGFP/PI double staining. The mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by a JC-1 probe. The expression levels of the mitochondrial related genes FIS1, ASL, SLC25A6, and COX17 were measured by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. The results showed that PAT inhibited the growth of HEK293 cells in a dose-dependent manner and resulted in apoptosis in HEK293 cells. Treatments with 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, and 15 μM PAT for 8 h resulted in significant decreases in cell viability by 8.1%, 18.2%, 31.0%, 42.2%, and 63.1%, respectively. When treated with 5 μM patulin for 0, 3, 10, and 24 h, the cell survival rates were 94.2%, 78.1%, and 47.4%, respectively. After treatment with 5 and 10 μM PAT for 8 h, the number of apoptotic cells increased in a dose-dependent manner by 16.4% and 20.1%. The changes in the expression levels of mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial genes indicate that patulin may cause HEK293 apoptosis through mitochondrial pathways.
