Acute Oral Toxicity of T-2 Toxin on Litopenaeus Vannamei
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Abstract:
Litopenaeus vannamei were orally administered as single-dose capsules containing the T-2 toxin (T-2), and the oral median lethal dose (LD50) of the T-2 toxin in Litopenaeus vannamei was determined using the model-fitting method. The Ca2+-ATPase and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities, as well as the histopathological changes in muscles were analyzed to explore the acute toxicity of T-2 on Litopenaeus vannamei. The results showed that the LD50 of T-2 via oral administration in a single dose was 1.22 mg/(kg?bw), and the medium effective dose (ED50) levels of Ca2+-ATPase and PPO activities were 0.05 and 3.22 mg/(kg?bw), respectively. According to the risk index (RI), the PPO activity can serve as a biological marker for the acute toxicity of T-2 on Litopenaeus vannamei and is more sensitive than Ca2+-ATPase. Acute T-2 exposure could lead to an increasing area ratio of the muscle fiber gap and shrimp quality deterioration. Quantitative analysis of T-2 in shrimp muscles was conducted by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS); no free T-2 residues were found, indicating that acute T-2 exposure in shrimp could cause functional accumulation but not material accumulation. This was probably because T-2 was present in a masked form, which led to the gradual accumulation of minor damage during the initial stage.
