Comparison of Nutritional and Phenolic Content of Wheat Bran Obtained from Different Sources
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Abstract:
In this study, the protein, total starch, fat, dietary fiber, pentosan, and the total free, soluble covalently bonded, and bound phenolic substance content in 12 wheat bran samples obtained from nine major wheat production provinces of China were investigated. The differences and correlation between components of the different samples were analyzed statistically. Dietary fibers, proteins, and starch were identified as the three major nutrients in wheat bran, with average contents of 47.30%, 19.85%, and 16.90%, respectively. The total starch and total dietary fiber content varied over a wide range, and the coefficient of variation (CV) was determined to be 19.94% and 8.75%, respectively. However, the protein content varied within a small range, with a CV of 3.16%. Pentosan, the major dietary fiber in wheat bran, was present in an average content of 31.57%. The total phenol content in wheat bran varied between approximately 4470.37 and 5521.30 μg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g, with bound phenolic acids constituting 73.9%–79.1%. Bound ferulic acids were the dominant monophenols, with the bran containing as much as 2677.4–3401.8 μg/g ferulic acid content. Many significant (p < 0.01) correlations were also observed between many components. Total dietary fiber and base-hydrolyzed bound phenolic acids (BBPA) showed significant negative correlation with total starch; pentosan and BBPA showed significant positive correlation with dietary fibers; pentosan displayed a significant positive correlation with BBPA; and acid-hydrolyzed bound phenolic acids (ABPA) demonstrated a significant positive correlation with total phenols.
