Immunomodulatory Activity of Glycosaminoglycans from Jinjiang Oyster Crassostrea rivularis
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Abstract:
Glycosaminoglycans were extracted from the jinjiang oyster, Crassostrea rivularis, and their physicochemical properties and immunomodulatory activities were studied. Column chromatography was used to obtain a purified fraction of glycosaminoglycans, while high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and infrared spectroscopy (IR) were used to study their physicochemical properties. An immunosuppressed animal model was established by injecting cyclophosphamide (CTX) in mice and the effects of Jinjiang oyster Crassostrea rivularis-derived glycosaminoglycans on the nonspecific immunity and humoral immunity of mice were studied. The activity of immune cells and natural killer (NK) cells was evaluated by the MTT assay. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-2 levels in mice were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The level of nitric oxide (NO) was determined by Griess assay. The results showed that CGIa and CGIIa from the purified fraction of glycosaminoglycans consisted of uronic acid and glucosamine in a certain proportion, with relative molecular weights of 5.17 × 105 and 2.64 × 105 Da, respectively, in addition to sulfate groups. IR analysis showed that CGIa and CGIIa showed characteristic IR absorption profiles of glycosaminoglycans. The results of tests for glycosaminoglycans effects on the immune organ index, antibody production number, serum hemolysin level, cellular immunity, mononuclear macrophage, killing activity of NK cells in normal mice, were all positive, indicating that Jinjiang oyster Crassostrea rivularis glycosaminoglycans enhances immune function. CGIa and CGIIa also stimulated immune cells in normal mice to secrete cytokines including TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, and NO. Enhanced immune function may be achieved by promoting the secretion of cytokines.
