生物传感器在脂溶性维生素检测中的研究进展

Research Progress in the use of Biosensors to Detect Fat Soluble Vitamins

摘要:

脂溶性维生素是人体生长发育所必需的微量营养物质，人体脂溶性维生素的缺乏往往会导致多种疾病，由于人体不能合成大多数脂溶性维生素，从而需要从外界获取，因此，脂溶性维生素的快速、灵敏的检测对于保障维生素摄入安全和食品安全至关重要。高效液相色谱法、高效液相色谱串联质谱法、超临界流体色谱法等传统的检测方法，虽然具有选择性高和灵敏度高等优点，然而，样品前处理复杂、耗时长、需依赖于大型仪器和专业的人员操作等缺点限制了它们在快速检测脂溶性维生素时的应用。近年来生物传感器因具特异性高、灵敏度高、成本低、可现场分析并且易于操作等优点被应用于脂溶性维生素的检测。该文回顾了常见的脂溶性维生素的生理功能，对比脂溶性维生素传统的检测方法与生物传感法，重点对脂溶性维生素检测的生物传感器进行总结和讨论，主要通过其生物部件、线性传感范围、灵敏度以及检出限等方面进行概括，为未来脂溶性维生素检测生物传感器开发提供参考和依据。

Abstract:

Fat-soluble vitamins are essential micronutrients for human growth and development, with deficiencies in these vitamins posing a serious threat to human health. Furthermore, the majority of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be synthesized in the human body and, therefore, must be obtained from external sources. Therefore, rapid and sensitive detection of fat-soluble vitamins is crucial to ensure safe vitamin intake. Although traditional methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, tandem mass spectrometry, and supercritical fluid chromatography offer advantages in terms of selectivity and sensitivity, they also present disadvantages, including complex sample pre-treatment, time-consuming procedures, and dependence on large-scale instrumentation. These constraints have limited the applicability of traditional methods in the rapid detection of fat-soluble vitamins. Recently, biosensors have been used for the detection of fat-soluble vitamins owing to their advantages of high specificity, high sensitivity, low cost, suitability for on-site analysis, and ease of operation. This review initially outlines the physiological functions of common fat-soluble vitamins. Subsequently, it analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of traditional methods and biosensors in detecting fat-soluble vitamins. Finally, it provides a comprehensive summary of the latest research progress on biosensors in the detection of fat-soluble vitamins. This paper outlines the biological components, linear detection range, sensitivity, and detection limits of lipid-soluble vitamin detection biosensors, providing a foundation for the development of future lipid-soluble vitamin detection biosensors.