双水相体系提取天然食用色素的研究进展

Research progress on the Extraction of Natural Edible Pigments Using Aqueous Two-phase Systems

摘要:

食品色素分为天然食用色素和人工合成色素，天然食用色素因其色彩鲜艳、副作用少和潜在的生物活性，在食品工业中越来越受到青睐。天然食用色素种类繁多，来源丰富，可从动物、植物、微生物或微生物代谢产物中获取。天然食用色素传统提取方法依赖有机溶剂的使用，存在溶剂残留、提取效率低和环境污染的问题，探索高效绿色的提取技术成为天然食用色素的研究热点之一。双水相提取技术具有操作简便、作用条件温和、提取效率高等优势，近年来在天然食用色素提取领域得到广泛关注。本文归纳了天然食用色素提取的双水相体系类型，从提取率、分配系数、选择性系数、动力学、热力学、提取机理和调控途径等方面论述了双水相体系在提取天然食用色素方面的研究进展，展望了双水相体系在提取天然食用色素方面的优势和局限性，旨在为双水相体系提取分离天然食用色素提供理论参考。

Abstract:

Food pigments are divided into natural edible pigments and artificial synthetic pigments. Natural edible pigments are increasingly favored in the food industry because of their bright colors, few side effects and potential biological activities. Natural edible pigments are known for their great diversity and rich sources, and can be obtained from animals, plants, microorganisms or microbial metabolites. The traditional extraction methods for natural edible pigments generally rely on the use of organic solvents, which would cause problems such as occurrence of solvent residue, low extraction efficiency and environmental pollution. Exploring efficient and green extraction technologies for natural food pigments has become one of the research hotspots. Aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) extraction technology has advantages such as simple operation, mild reaction conditions, and high extraction efficiency. In recent years, it has received widespread attention in the field of natural food pigment extraction. This article summarizes the types of ATPS for extracting natural edible pigments, and discusses the research progress of ATPS in the extraction of natural food pigments from various aspects, including extraction rate, distribution coefficient, selectivity coefficient, kinetics, thermodynamics, extraction mechanisms, and regulation approaches. Furthermore, the advantages and limitations of ATPS in the extraction of natural edible pigments are discussed, aiming to provide a theoretical reference for the extraction and separation of natural edible pigments utilizing the aqueous two-phase system.