铁皮石斛花的化学成分与生物活性研究进展

Research Progress on the Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Dendrobium officinale Flowers

摘要:

铁皮石斛是我国传统的药食同源中药材，在栽培中产生了大量的花。随着多地食品安全地方标准的实施，铁皮石斛的花成为近年来的研究热点。本研究总结发现，铁皮石斛花中蕴含约1%的蛋白质，其中包括8种对身体不可或缺的氨基酸，总氨基酸的种类达到17种；其多糖含量约5%，主要由葡萄糖和蔗糖构成，其中包含13种可溶性糖；脂肪酸方面，包含了8种不同的脂肪酸，其中亚油酸、亚麻酸和棕榈酸的含量最为显著；维生素组合则丰富多样，核心为维生素B4和维生素C，共计含有14种维生素；矿物质方面，铁皮石斛花覆盖了以钾（K）、钙（Ca）、磷（P）、镁（Mg）、铁（Fe）为主的13种重要矿物质元。铁皮石斛花中含有多糖、黄酮、多酚和氨基酸等活性成分，具有抗氧化、抗炎、降血压、调节免疫、缓解慢性阻塞性肺疾病等功能，其部分作用机制为减少巨噬细胞、调节信号通路基因表达、恢复体内抗氧化能力，发挥抗炎、润肺功效。但目前铁皮石斛花中的生物活性物质的作用机制研究较少，今后应当加强其研究。通过综述铁皮石斛花的化学成分和生物活性，为后续铁皮石斛花的研究提供理论支撑。

Abstract:

Dendrobium officinale is a traditional Chinese medicinal and edible homologous plant in China and produces a large number of flowers during cultivation. With the implementation of local food safety standards in numerous regions, D. officinale flowers (DOF) have attracted increasing attention in recent years. This study showed that DOF contain approximately 1% protein, including eight essential amino acids and up to 17 different amino acids. The polysaccharide content was around 5%, mainly composed of glucose and sucrose, and included 13 soluble sugars. Eight different types of fatty acids were identified, among which linoleic, linolenic, and palmitic acids were the most abundant. DOF exhibited a rich and diverse combination of 14 different vitamins, primarily vitamin B4 and vitamin C. DOF contained 13 essential minerals, mainly including potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and iron. Active ingredients in DOF included polysaccharides, flavonoids, polyphenols, and amino acids, which exhibit antioxidation, anti-inflammation, blood pressure-lowering, immune regulation, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease alleviation activities. However, at present, the mechanism of action of bioactive substances in DOF has not been widely examined, warranting further investigations. This review of the chemical composition and biological activity of DOF provides theoretical support for subsequent research of DOF.