基于黄酮类成分的陈皮质量评价和鉴别

Quality Evaluation and Identification of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Based on Flavonoids

摘要:

陈皮是重要的药食同源产品，其质量与产地、采收期等密切相关。为探究不同省份、采收期陈皮间的关键特征黄酮成分及含量随采收期的变化规律，进行陈皮质量评价与鉴别，该研究采集了重庆、四川、广东、福建4个省份和新会3个采收期的陈皮样品共278个，采用高效液相色谱法测定并结合化学计量学方法比较陈皮中芸香柚皮苷、橙皮苷、川陈皮素、3,5,6,7,8,3′4′-七甲氧基黄酮和橘皮素5种黄酮成分的含量差异。结果表明：广东陈皮中芸香柚皮苷、橙皮苷含量最低，分别为0.33、27.20 mg/g；四川陈皮中川陈皮素、橘皮素含量最低，分别为3.50、1.14 mg/g；福建陈皮中3,5,6,7,8,3′4′-七甲氧基黄酮含量最低，为0.14 mg/g。产地判别模型对4个省份陈皮分类准确率最高可达94.64%；广陈皮与陈皮分类准确率达98.20%以上，橙皮苷、川陈皮素、芸香柚皮苷是区分不同省份陈皮的关键差异性成分。5种黄酮类成分含量随着采收期推迟相对减少，但不适用于区分采收期。该结果为陈皮质量评价与产地鉴别提供了理论依据，为陈皮开发利用提供参考。

Abstract:

Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP) peel is an important medicine and food homologous product, and its quality is closely associated with factors such as its origin and harvesting period. In order to explore the changing trend of key characteristic flavonoid components and their contents in CRP obtained from different provinces and harvest periods, quality evaluation and identification of CRP were performed, a total of 278 CRP samples were collected from Chongqing, Sichuan, Guangdong, and Fujian provinces, and during three harvesting periods from Xinhui. The differences in contents of five flavonoid components in CRP samples, including naringin, hesperidin, evodiamine, 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-heptamethoxyflavone, and tangeretin, were determined and compared using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with chemometric methods. The results showed that Guangdong CRP had the lowest contents of naringin (0.33 mg/g) and hesperidin (27.20 mg/g), Sichuan CRP had the lowest contents of neohesperidin (3.50 mg/g) and tangeretin (1.14 mg/g), and Fujian CRP had the lowest content of 3,5,6,7,8,3′4′-heptamethoxy flavone (0.14 mg/g). The origin discrimination model achieved a classification accuracy up to 94.64% for CRP samples from the four provinces, for Citrus reticulata ‘Chachi’ and Citrus reticulata Blanco, the classification accuracy exceeded 98.20%. Hesperidin, neohesperidin, and naringin were identified as the key differential components to distinguish CRP samples from different provinces. The contents of the five flavonoid components generally decreased with the delay of harvesting period, although this was not suitable for distinguishing based on different harvesting periods. This result provides a theoretical basis for the quality evaluation and origin identification of CRP and offers a reference for CRP’s development and utilization.