包装饮用水生产系统中真菌风险分析及溯源

Fungal Risk Analysis and Traceability in Packaged Drinking Water Production Systems

摘要:

包装饮用水中的真菌污染为饮用水安全带来了新的挑战。该研究对丰水期和枯水期两个水文季节的包装饮用水生产系统及环境中真菌污染水平、组成和分布进行系统调查，评估各水处理工艺真菌污染风险以及去除真菌的有效性。结果显示，丰水期和枯水期原水、水处理工艺和生产环境中都受到真菌不同程度的污染，其中丰水期原水真菌污染水平最高，达到0.51 CFU/mL。100 μm和0.2 μm滤膜过滤对真菌的去除效果显著，去除率达到34.78%和83.33%。青霉属（Penicillium）和曲霉属（Aspergillus）是该包装饮用水生产系统中的主要优势真菌属，丰水期的青霉属和曲霉属污染率分别为28.99%和37.68%，枯水期的青霉属和曲霉属污染率分别为18.87%和50.94%。溯源分析结果显示，原水是包装饮用水处理工艺中的主要真污染源，其次可能来自生产物料（瓶坯、瓶盖和瓶身），研究结果为包装饮用水生产系统的真菌风险识别和水处理工艺中真菌的溯源防控提供了数据基础。

Abstract:

The abundance, composition, and distribution of fungal contaminants in packaged drinking water production systems and environments were systematically investigated in both flood and drought hydrological seasons. The risk of fungal contamination in each water treatment process and the effectiveness of fungal removal were also evaluated. Raw water, water treatment processing materials, and the production environment were found to be contaminated by fungi to varying degrees during both the flood and drought periods. Notably, the highest level of fungal contamination was observed in raw water during the flood period, reaching 0.51 CFU/mL. The study revealed that using 100 μm and 0.2 μm filter membranes effectively removed fungi, with removal rates reaching 34.78% and 83.33%, respectively. Furthermore, Penicillium and Aspergillus were identified as the primary dominant fungal genera in the packaged drinking water production system. The contamination rates of Penicillium and Aspergillus were 28.99% and 37.68%, respectively, during the flood period and 18.87% and 50.94%, respectively, during the drought period. The analysis results indicated that raw water serves as the primary source of fungal contamination in the packaged drinking water treatment process. Production materials, including bottle blanks, caps, and bottles, were also identified as contributors to fungal contamination. These findings provide valuable data for the identification of fungal risks in packaged drinking water production systems and for the implementation of traceability, prevention, and control measures in the water treatment process.