不同清洗方式对果蔬农药残留去除效果的研究进展

Research Progress on the Removal Effect of Different Cleaning Methods on the Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables

摘要:

果蔬是中国居民饮食中不可或缺的重要食物来源，农药在保证果蔬生产效率方面起到关键作用。随着生活水平和科学技术手段的进步，果蔬中农药残留及其去除问题备受关注。该研究对果蔬农药残留的现状、去除农药残留的清洗方式、各种方式的原理和优缺点以及未来发展方向进行了系统总结。研究表明；超声波、臭氧、非热等离子体和电解水清洗等新兴的去除农药残留技术，在果蔬清洗应用中表现出较显著的效果。然而，这些技术对农残的降解率和失活程度也受到设备类型、加工参数、果蔬产品表面特性、处理条件和农药性质等多种因素的影响。为了更有效地去除食品表面的农药残留，需要进一步研究应用技术来应对错综复杂的农残类型，以便为消费者提供更准确、可行的清洗方法。

Abstract:

Fruits and vegetables are an important and indispensable food source in the diet of Chinese residents, and pesticides play a key role in ensuring the efficiency of fruit and vegetable production. With the improvements of living standards and scientific and technological means, the problems of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables and their removal have attracted much attention. This study systematically summarizes the current situation of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables, the cleaning methods for removing pesticide residues, the principles, advantages and disadvantages of various methods, and future development directions. The research results show that emerging pesticide residue removal technologies such as ultrasound, ozone, non-thermal plasma, and electrolytic water cleaning have shown significant effects in fruit and vegetable cleaning applications. However, the degradation rate and deactivation degree of pesticide residues by these technologies are also influenced by multiple factors such as equipment type, processing parameters, surface characteristics of fruit and vegetable products, treatment conditions, and pesticide properties. In order to remove the pesticide residues on food surface more effectively, further research is needed on the applied technologies to deal with the complicated types of pesticide residues in order to provide consumers with more accurate and feasible cleaning methods.