稻米富硒降镉的研究进展

Research Progress on Selenium Enrichment and Cadmium Reduction in Rice

摘要:

硒是人体必需的微量元素，在抗氧化、抗癌、调节激素等方面具有重要作用，而我国成人膳食硒平均摄入量仅为39.0 μg/d，远低于中国营养学会推荐的膳食硒摄入范围60~400 μg/d。水稻是我国的主要粮食作物，利用富硒土壤种植富硒大米是解决我国居民硒摄入不足的重要手段。然而富硒区土壤镉污染严重，在此环境下生产的富硒大米常出现镉含量超标的现象，这严重危害着中国的粮食安全，阻碍富硒农业的发展。该文综合最新文献研究，首先介绍了硒和镉对人体健康的影响，随后对中国的缺硒和镉污染状况、中国富硒稻米研究以及水稻对硒和镉的吸收研究进行了总结，最后对硒镉互作机制进行了系统性综述，以期为在天然富硒区生产健康、安全、优质的富硒稻米提供科学依据和理论参考。

Abstract:

Selenium is an essential trace element for the human body, and plays significant roles in antioxidation, anticancer, and hormone regulation. However, the average dietary selenium intake by the adults in China is only 39.0 μg/d, which is far lower than the recommended dietary selenium intake range (60~400 μg/d) recommended by the Chinese Nutrition Society. Rice is the main staple food crop in China, and cultivating selenium-rich rice in selenium-rich soil is an important approach to address the insufficient selenium intake for Chinese residents. However, cadmium contamination of the soil in the selenium-rich regions is severe cadmium, and the cadmium content of selenium-rich rice produced in such an environments frequently exceeds the standard limit for cadmium content, which poses a serious threat to China's food security and hinders the development of selenium-rich agriculture. Based on the latest literature research, this paper firstly introduces the impacts of selenium and cadmium on human health, then summarizes the selenium deficiency and cadmium contamination status in China, as well as research on selenium-rich rice in China, and studies on the absorption of selenium and cadmium by rice. Finally, the selenium-cadmium interaction mechanisms, are systematically reviewed, in order to provide scientific basis and theoretical reference for the production of healthy, safe, and high-quality selenium-rich rice in naturally selenium-rich areas.