为了解南美白对虾养殖场副溶血性弧菌（Vibrio parahaemolyticus，VP）的污染状况和潜在风险，掌握其遗传多样性和潜在毒力特征。于2024年在广东省江门市和中山市两个南美白对虾养殖场采集水样和虾样共354份，副溶血性弧菌的检出率为41.53%（147/354），多重PCR共检出O1、O3/O13、O5、O7、O11、O12六个血清群，O1（44.21%，65/147）和O11（31.97%，47/147）为优势血清群。PCR法结果显示，tlh和toxR基因携带率均为100%，pirAB为24.49%（36/147），tdh和trh基因未检出。利用多位点序列分型（Multilocus Sequence Typing，MLST）技术可将147株分离株分为26种序列型（Sequence Type，ST），ST2408（17.69%，26/147）为主要流行型。最小抑制浓度法结果显示，分离株对多粘菌素B的耐药率为11.56%（17/147），对其余21种抗生素敏感率均＞90%。综上，养殖场中发现高污染携带pirAB基因和多粘菌素B耐药的副溶血性弧菌，存在潜在食品安全风险。该研究结果为副溶血性弧菌的风险识别与分子溯源工作奠定了基础数据支持，对水产健康养殖和副溶血性弧菌潜在危害预防具有重要的意义。

The prevalence, genetic diversity, and potential virulence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were analyzed in pacific whiteleg shrimp（Litopenaeus vannamei）aquaculture systems. In 2024, a total of 354 samples were collected from Litopenaeus vannamei aquaculture farms in Jiangmen and Zhongshan cities, Guangdong Province. The prevalence of V. parahaemolyticus was 41.53% (147/354). Six serogroups were identified by multipiex PCR, including O1, O3/O13, O5, O7, O11, and O12 serogroup. O1 (44.21%, 65/147) and O11 (31.97%, 47/147) were the dominant strains. PCR analysis showed that the presence of the tlh and toxR gene were both 100%, while pirAB was detected in 24.49% (36/147) of the isolates, the tdh and trh gene was not detected. A total of 26 different sequence types (STs) were identified using multilocus sequence typing, seven (26.92%) STs were identified as novel STs. ST2408 (17.69%, 26/147) was identified as the predominant ST. The antibiotics resistance of isolates was tested using minimum inhibitory concentration. Results showed that the resistance rate to polymyxin B was 11.56% (17/147), while the susceptibility to the other 21 antibiotics were all above 90%. A high prevalence of pirAB-carried and polymyxin B-resistant V. parahaemolyticus isolates was identified in aquaculture farms, indicating a potential food safety risk. These results of this study provide fundamental data for the risk identification and molecular traceability of V. parahaemolyticus, which play an important role in healthy aquaculture practices and the prevention of potential risk of this pathogen.

国家自然科学基金（32222068）；广东省基础与应用基础研究基金（2022B1515020068）；广东省科学院青年人才专项（2023GDASQNRC-0102）