该研究对红心和白心番石榴的生物活性进行了比较研究。通过提取番石榴的水和醇提物，并对其抗氧化活性、对α-葡萄糖苷酶和ACE酶的抑制活性进行了测试。研究结果显示，红心番石榴的醇提取物在抗氧化活性方面表现出最佳效果，其去除ABTS+自由基、羟自由基、DPPH自由基清除率以及还原Fe3+的能力均强于其他提取物。对于α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性，白心番石榴的乙醇提取物表现出最佳效果，抑制率可达93.99%。对于ACE酶的抑制活性，红心番石榴的水提取物表现出最佳效果，在10 mg/mL的质量浓度下可以达到43.03%。通过UPLC-QTOFMS定性分析番石榴提取物，共鉴定出多种化合物，主要包括抗坏血酸、奎宁酸、原花青素、鞣花素、儿茶素等。这些化合物在不同品种和提取方法下，其化学成分及含量稍有不同。研究结果表明，番石榴提取物具有很好的生物活性，有望成为健康生活的宠儿。此外，不同品种和提取方法对番石榴的化学成分、含量及生物活性有一定的差别，这为后续研究提供了参考。

The bioactivities of red and white guava fruit were compared and examined in this studied. Water and alcoholic extracts of the guava fruits were prepared, and their antioxidant activities, as well as inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase and ACE enzymes, were examined. The results revealed that the alcoholic extract of red guava exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, i.e. higher scavenging rates for ABTS+, hydroxyl, and DPPH free radicals, and higher ability of reducing Fe3+, compared with other extracts. As for the inhibitory effect against α-glucosidase, the ethanol extract of the white guava was the most effective with an inhibition rate of 93.99%. As for the ACE enzyme inhibitory activity, the water extract of the red guava was the most effective, achieving 43.03% inhibition at a mass concentration of 10 mg/mL. Qualitative analysis of the guava extracts using UPLC-QTOF-MS led to the identification of a variety of compounds, including mainly ascorbic acid, quinic acid, quinic acid, procyanidins, ellagins and catechins. The composition and contents of these compounds varied slightly with varieties and extraction methods. The results of the study showed that guava extracts possessed good bioactivities, and is expected to hold promise for promoting a healthy lifestyle. In addition, the chemical composition, content, and bioactivities of guava varied with varieties and extraction methods, which provide a reference for subsequent research.

广西重点研发计划项目（桂科AB20238008）；广西科技重大专项项目（2022 AA12003）；国家自然科学基金项目（21762006）