采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆-静电场路线阱高分辨质谱法（UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS）解析荔枝叶不同极性部位的化学成分；比较荔枝叶不同极性部位体外降血糖活性的强弱。采用PNPG法（p-Nitrophenyl-α-Dglucopyranoside）、DNS法（3,5-Dinitro Salicylic Acid）考察荔枝叶不同极性部位对α-葡萄糖苷酶、α-淀粉酶活性的抑制作用。化学成分鉴定结果表明荔枝叶不同极性部位中含29个化合物，分别为有机酸类8个，黄酮及其苷类10个，原花青素类3个，含氮类5个，香豆素类1个，糖苷类1个，其他类1个；体外降血糖活性比较考察结果发现，乙酸乙酯萃取相的抑制活性最强，IC50分别为54.50、122.20 μg/mL。原儿茶酸、木犀草苷、表儿茶素、山柰酚等成分可能是乙酸乙酯萃取相体外降血糖活性作用的物质基础，这为后续的荔枝叶质量控制研究奠定了前期基础。

The chemical constituents of different polar fractions of the leaves of Litchi chinensis Sonn were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLCQ-Orbitrap HRMS), and the p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG) and 3,5-dinitro salicylic acid (DNS) methods were used to compare the sites of hypoglycemic activity of lychee leaves in vitro. The inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase and α-amylase of different polar fractions of the leaves were investigated using PNPG and DNS methods. The results of chemical composition identification revealed 29 compounds from different polar fractions of the leaves of L. chinensis, including eight organic acids, ten flavonoids and their glycosides, three procyanidins, five nitrogen-containing compounds, one coumarin, one glycoside, and one compound of another class. The ethyl acetate extract of the leaves exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and α-amylase, with IC50 values of 54.50 and 122.20 μg/mL, respectively. Protocatechuic acid, luteolin, epicatechin, kaempferol and other components are potential pharmacodynamic factors contributing to the in vitro hypoglycemic activity of ethyl acetate extracts. These results establish a foundation for further investigations on the quality control of L. chinensis.

国家中医药管理局高水平中医药重点学科建设项目- 少数民族药学（壮药学）（zyyzdxk-2023165）；广西壮瑶药重点实验室（桂科基字［2014］32号）；广西中医药多学科交叉创新团队项目（GZKJ2309）；壮瑶药协同创新中心（桂教科研［2013］20号）；广西高等学校千名中青年骨干教师培育计划（桂教人〔2019〕5号）；广西壮族自治区民族药资源与应用工程研究中心（桂发改高技函[2020] 2605号）；广西中医药重点学科壮药学（GZXK-Z-20-64）；广西重点研发计划项目（桂科AB21196016）；广西科技基地和人才专项（桂科AD20238058）；广西一流学科中药学（民族药学）（桂教科研〔2018〕12号）；广西中医药大学“高层次人才培育创新团队”资助项目（2022A008）；广西中医药大学第三批“岐黄工程”高层次人才团队培育项目（202406）