小麦可食用部分呕吐毒素快速定量对提升收购效率至关重要。该文基于胶体金免疫层析技术原理，为评估DONQ-FAST5快速定量法在小麦及其制品中呕吐毒素检测中的应用效果，选取400、800、1845 μg/kg三个水平的质控样品，平行测定3次，与高效液相色谱法（HPLC）和液相色谱-串联质谱法（LC-MS/MS）相比较，DONQ-FAST5测定的三个质控样品回收率均在91.00%以上，满足GB/T 27404-2008《实验室质量控制规范 食品理化检测》要求。仅标准值为400 μg/kg的质控样品相对标准偏差(RSD)为7.87%，其余RSD均小于5.00%，测试精密度良好。相同条件下，通过与HPLC和LC-MS/MS检测结果比较，分析了样本基质、稀释倍数和温度对DONQ-FAST5快速定量法的影响。结果表明，当稀释倍数为5倍，实验温度在25~30 ℃时，与仪器分析法相比较，在全麦粉、皮粉、心粉的DON含量检测中，DONQ-FAST5测定结果满意。采用三种方法同时测定371份小麦样品中的DON含量，检测结果一致。DONQ-FAST5快速定量法每个批次可同时孵育4个样品，15 min可准确定量4个样品的DON含量，为小麦收购企业现场实时监测小麦呕吐毒素含量提供理论基础。

Rapid quantification of vomitoxin in the edible part of wheat is essential to improve the acquisition efficiency. To evaluate the application effect of DONQ-FAST5 rapid quantification method in the detection of vomitoxin in wheat and its products, quality control samples at three levels of 400, 800, and 1845 μg/kg were selected, and the number of parallel determinations was three. The recoveries of the three quality control samples determined by DONQ-FAST5 were over 91.00% compared with those of HPLC and LC-MS/MS, which met the requirements of GB/T 27404-2008 "Laboratory Quality Control Specification Food Physical and Chemical Testing". Only the RSD of the standard value of 400 μg/kg was 7.87%, and the rest of the RSDs were less than 5.00%, with good precision. Under the same conditions, the effects of sample matrix, dilution and temperature on the DONQ-FAST5 rapid quantification method were analysed by comparing the results with those of HPLC and LC-MS/MS. The results showed that when the dilution factor was 5 times and the experimental temperature was 25~30 ℃, compared with the instrumental analysis method, the DONQ-FAST5 rapid quantitative method was satisfactory in the detection of DON content in whole wheat flour, hulled flour and heart flour. Three methods were used to determine the DON content in 371 wheat samples, and the results were consistent. The DONQ-FAST5 rapid quantification method could incubate 4 samples in each batch at the same time, and could accurately quantify the DON content of 4 samples in 15 minutes, which provided a theoretical basis for real-time monitoring of wheat vomiting toxin content in wheat purchasing enterprises.

宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2022BBF03031)。