禽畜内脏富含蛋白质、脂肪、维生素和矿物质，具有优良的抗氧化、抗炎以及抗衰老等作用，受到国内外研究人员的关注，但我国畜禽内脏资源利用率很低，造成了资源的极大浪费。利用禽畜副产物生产高附加值产品，可减少废弃物处理不当造成的环境污染，提高副产物综合利用价值，有助于畜禽资源的可持续利用。生物活性肽主要来源于植物、动物和微生物，具有降血压、抗氧化、抗菌、抗炎等多种功效，在食品、医药以及保健品等领域有着广阔的应用前景。目前国内外有关生物活性肽的报道主要源于乳制品、植物蛋白等，以畜禽类内脏为原料的研究报道较少，部分研究者对构效关系进行了较为深入的研究。该文归纳总结了畜禽类内脏制备生物活性肽的方法，讨论了禽畜内脏来源的降血压肽、抗氧化肽、抗炎肽、抗菌肽的活性及其构效关系，为未来更深层次的研究提供新的思路与方法，并对现存的技术问题以及今后的研究方向做出了展望。

Livestock viscera is rich in protein, fat, vitamins, and minerals, and it has excellent antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and anti-aging effects. Moreover, it has attracted the attention of many researchers around the world, although the utilization rate of livestock viscera resources is extremely low in China, which has caused a great waste of resources. Using livestock by-products to produce high-value-added products can reduce environmental pollution caused by improper disposal of waste and improve the comprehensive utilization value of by-products, which is beneficial to the sustainable utilization of livestock and poultry resources in China. Bioactive peptides are mainly derived from plants, animals, and microbiology, and they have many functions, such as lowering blood pressure and enhancing immunity, with antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Bioactive peptides have broad application prospects in food, medicine, and health products. Currently, bioactive peptides are mainly obtained from dairy products and plant proteins; however, there are few reports on the study of poultry viscera as the raw material for bioactive peptide preparation, although a few researchers have studied the structure-activity relationship. In this paper, the methods of preparing bioactive peptides from livestock viscera are summarized. The activities and structure-activity relationships of antihypotensive peptides, antioxidant peptides, anti-inflammatory peptides, and antimicrobial peptides from livestock viscera were discussed. This study provides new ideas and methods for further research of bioactive peptides from livestock viscera, looks forward to existing technical problems, and showcases future research directions.

河北省省级科技计划资助项目（22327107D；21327122D）