蜂王浆是年轻工蜂上颚腺的浓稠的乳白色分泌物，作为一种天然的蜂产品，被广泛应用于食品和保健品等各个领域。10-羟基-2-癸烯酸（10-hydroxy-2-decenoic Acid, 10-HDA）是蜂王浆中所特有的一种中链不饱和脂肪酸，具有抗菌、抗炎、抗肿瘤、降低血糖、血脂和抗辐射等多种活性功能。利用物理吸附或有机溶剂处理，可以在蜂王浆中有效提取出10-HDA成分，此外，还可以利用8-羟基辛醛、1,8-辛二醇等物质，通过各种化学反应合成10-HDA。近年来，也出现了使用微生物生产10-HDA的方式，这种方法因其成本低、污染小的特性，迅速成为了研究热点。通过归纳总结10-HDA的理化性质、生理活性及生产10-HDA的各种方法，简要阐述了不同的生产方式的优缺点，并对其中存在的问题进行讨论和展望，旨在为10-HDA的深入研究提供借鉴与参考。

Royal jelly is a thick, milky white secretion from the palatine glands of young worker bees. As a natural bee product, it finds wide application in various fields, including food and health care products. One of the unique components of royal jelly is 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA), a medium-chain unsaturated fatty acid. 10-HDA possesses several active functions, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, blood sugar regulation, blood lipid control, and antiradiation properties. The extraction of 10-HDA from royal jelly can be efficiently achieved through physical adsorption or organic solvent treatment. Additionally, 10-HDA can be synthesized by various chemical reactions using substances such as 8-hydroxyoctanal and 1,8-octanediol. In recent years, utilizing microorganisms for 10-HDA production has gained significant attention owing to its low cost and low pollution characteristics. This method has become a research hotspot. This article provides a summary of the physicochemical properties, physiological active functions, and different methods of 10-HAD production. Furthermore, it briefly discusses the advantages and disadvantages of these production methods and highlights the existing problems and prospects to offer valuable reference and information for further in-depth research on 10-HDA.

国家自然科学基金面上项目（31171727）；国家自然科学青年基金（31201281）；山东省自然科学基金（No.ZR2017ZB0208）