为了深度挖掘牡丹江地区特有水产种质资源优势，该研究旨在比较镜泊湖野生草鱼与市售养殖草鱼在形态和风味关键基因上的差异。选择体重无显著差异的两种草鱼，进行形态特征测量并对其背部肌肉取样进行转录组测序分析。研究结果显示，与市售草鱼相比，镜泊湖草鱼体型更加修长，脏体比为7.68%显著低于市售草鱼（P<0.01）、空壳率为92.32%显著高于市售草鱼（P<0.05）。转录组测序共获得40.38 Gb过滤数据，两种鱼共有1587个差异基因，其中上调表达527个、下调表达1060个，样本间相似性较高。KEGG富集分析共涉及183条信号通路，对风味相关的调控基因进行筛选，发现基因AK4、AMPD1在肌苷酸(IMP)的合成中具有重要作用；FASN、LPL、PLIN2、ACOX1、FABP1a参与调控肌内脂肪(IMF)的积累；BCAT1、BCAT2、DDO对风味氨基酸的生成起关键作用。综上，镜泊湖草鱼可食用部分更多、腹部脂肪蓄积少，相关基因表达量的变化对风味物质的合成有一定影响。研究可为牡丹江地区火山堰塞湖水系草鱼资源的开发和应用，提供一定的理论依据。

To explore the unique aquatic germplasm resources in the Mudanjiang region, this study compares the morphology and key flavor genes of wild grass carp from Jingpo Lake and commercially farmed grass carp. Grass carp with no significant differences in body weight were selected for morphological measurements, and their dorsal muscles were sampled for transcriptome sequencing analysis. The results showed that compared to commercial grass carp, Jingpo Lake grass carp had a more elongated body shape, a viscerosomatic ratio of 7.68% (significantly lower, P<0.01), and a gutted body ratio of 92.32% (significantly higher, P<0.05). Transcriptome sequencing yielded 40.38 Gb of filtered data, revealing 1,587 differentially expressed genes: 527 upregulated and 1,060 downregulated, showing high similarity between samples. KEGG enrichment analysis identified 183 signaling pathways, screening for flavor-related regulatory genes. Genes AK4 and AMPD1 were found to play important roles in inosine monophosphate (IMP) synthesis; FASN, LPL, PLIN2, ACOX1, and FABP1a are involved in regulating intramuscular fat (IMF) accumulation; BCAT1, BCAT2, and DDO are key to the generation of flavor amino acids. In summary, Jingpo Lake grass carp have a higher edible portion and less abdominal fat accumulation, with the expression of flavor-related genes being the main reason for their unique flavor. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development and application of grass carp resources in the volcanic barrier lake system of the Mudanjiang region.

黑龙江省自然科学基金