芒果为呼吸跃变型水果，不同采收成熟度的芒果色泽、理化、营养指标差异较大。该实验在对3种不同成熟度的贵妃（GF）、台农（TN）和金煌（JH）芒果主要品质指标对比的基础上，利用聚类分析和主成分分析对其进行了综合评价。结果表明：GF和JH芒果综合色泽指数为-0.01到-0.35，说明果皮以绿色为主，转色不如TN芒果明显。3种芒果在成熟过程中硬度分别降低了56.05%，48.58%，69.69%。可滴定酸分别降低了30.61%，61.29%，85.06%，而可溶性固形物、pH值、固酸比则逐渐增大。起主导作用的糖是蔗糖，主导有机酸为柠檬酸、己二酸、丁二酸，主导氨基酸为丙氨酸、谷氨酰胺、赖氨酸、精氨酸、天冬氨酸。对以上15个关键品质指标进行聚类分析将其可分为3类。主成分分析表明：3个主成分代表了以上指标的91.361%的信息。进一步的数学模型评价表明：十成熟的芒果综合品质排序为：GF>TN>JH。因此，十成熟的GF芒果品质最佳，且比九成熟的GF芒果综合得分提升了154.29%，适宜做“树上熟”农场采摘体验项目主推品种。

Mango is a climacteric fruit, with significant differences in color, physicochemical, and nutritional indicators when harvested at different maturity levels. By comparing the main quality indicators of three mango varieties, Guifei (GF), Tainan (TN), and Jinhuang (JH), at different maturity levels, a comprehensive evaluation was carried out using cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that the comprehensive color index of GF and JH mangoes ranged from -0.01 to -0.35, indicating that the skin was predominantly green and that the color change was not as significant as that in the TN mango. The hardness of the three mangoes was also observed to decrease by 56.05, 48.58, and 69.69%, respectively, during the ripening process. The titratable acids decreased by 30.61, 61.29, and 85.06%, respectively, and the soluble solids, pH value, and solid-acid ratio gradually increased. The dominant sugar in mangoes was sucrose; the dominant organic acids were citric acid, adipic acid, and succinic acid. The predominant amino acids were alanine, glutamine, lysine, arginine, and aspartic acid. CA of the 15 key quality indicators revealed three categories, with PCA capturing 91.361% of the indicator information. Mathematical modeling confirmed that the quality ranking of fully matured mangoes ranked in the order GF>TN>JH. Notably, fully matured GF mangoes exhibited the highest quality, with an overall score 154.29% higher than 90% mature GF mango, making it an ideal variety for “tree-ripened” farm-picking activities.

海南省芒果产业集群科技支撑服务项目；海南省重点研发计划（ZDYF2023XDNY051）