黄精是一种重要的药食同源植物，黄精主要活性成分包括多糖、多酚、凝集素、生物碱、皂苷等。黄精具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗癌、降血糖、抗癌、抗炎、抗疲劳、抗菌、改善记忆力、促进细胞凋亡、治疗阿尔茨海默症以及促进骨细胞分化成骨等生物功能活性，因此，黄精在保健食品和药物研发等方面具有广阔的应用前景。黄精活性成分种类繁多，作用机制复杂，且不同产地和种属的黄精活性成分含量不同，其生物功能活性也有所差别。该研究汇总黄精的主要活性物质种类和不同产地、不同种属之间的功能活性及活性物质含量，概述黄精活性物质降血糖、促进骨细胞分化、抗癌、促进细胞凋亡、治疗阿尔茨海默症以及促进骨细胞分化等的具体作用机制，为黄精资源深加工和高效利用提供参考依据。

Polygonatum is an edible plant with important medicinal properties. The main active components of Polygonatum include polysaccharides, polyphenols, lectins, alkaloids, and saponins. Polygonatum exhibits a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hypoglycemic, anti-fatigue, antibacterial, memory improvement, cell apoptosis promotion, Alzheimer’s disease treatment, and bone cell differentiation promotion. Polygonatum thus has broad application prospects in health food and drug research and development. Polygonatum possesses several types of active components with complex mechanisms of action. The content of active components in Polygonatum varies across different species and habitats, and their biological functions also vary. This paper summarizes the main active substances in Polygonatum, and the functional activity and content of active substances between plants of different origin and different species. It also outlines the specific mechanisms of the active substances of Polygonatum in lowering blood sugar, promoting bone cell differentiation, preventing cancer, promoting cell apoptosis, treating Alzheimer’s disease, and fostering bone cell differentiation, and provides insights into in-depth processing and efficient utilization of Polygonatum resources.

财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系资助（CARS-21）