大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）是最为常见的食源性病原菌之一，随着致病大肠杆菌严峻的耐药性形势出现，防控致病大肠杆菌成为一个难题。植物乳杆菌（Lactiplantibacillus plantarum）是一种具有良好的抑菌效果及提升机体免疫功能作用的益生菌，其可通过多种不同的作用机制拮抗致病大肠杆菌，是一种极具开发潜力的新型抗菌物质。该研究系统综述了植物乳杆菌拮抗致病大肠杆菌的研究进展，从代谢活性物质、增强黏膜屏障、竞争粘附和肠道免疫调节多角度剖析植物乳杆菌在体内外拮抗大肠杆菌的作用机制，进而总结植物乳杆菌在畜禽/水产养殖业、食品加工制造业及临床治疗中的应用模式，以期对益生菌在食品安全防控应用提供参考。

Escherichia coli is one of the most common foodborne pathogens, increasingly contributing to antibiotic resistance, thereby posing a considerable challenge to the implementation of effective prevention management. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is a probiotic with potent antibacterial and immune-boosting properties that can combat pathogenic E. coli through various mechanisms of action, offering an enormous potential for development. In this review, the research progress of L. plantarum against pathogenic E. coli is systematically reviewed. In addition, the mechanism of action of L. plantarum against E. coli both in vitro and in vivo is analyzed based on metabolizing active substances, mucosal barrier enhancement, competitive adhesion, and intestinal immune regulation. The applications of L. plantarum in animal husbandry, aquaculture, food processing, manufacturing, and clinical treatment are also summarized, providing insights into the use of probiotics in food safety and control.

国家自然科学基金项目（32072325）；广东省科学院创新发展专项（2020GDASYL-20200103024）