不同方法提取广佛手膳食纤维性质的比较分析

Properties of Dietary Fiber Extracted from Bergamot (Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis) Using Different Methods

摘要:

以广佛手为原料，探究热水提取法（H）、高温蒸煮辅助热水浸提法（HTH）、超微粉碎辅助热水浸提法（UMH）、复合酶解法（E）、高温蒸煮辅助复合酶解法（HTE）和超微粉碎辅助复合酶解法（UME）六种方法对其膳食纤维性质的影响。结果表明：H-TDF的纯度（82.49 g/100 g）最高；E-TDF（59.15%）、UMH-IDF（48.45%）和HTE-SDF（23.68%）得率最高；结构方面，六种IDF和SDF均具有多糖特征结构，均为典型纤维素I型结构，均具有相似的表面结构；除H-SDF外，其余SDF的大分子量组分降解。理化性质方面，HTE-IDF的持水力（8.37 g/g）、持油力（2.11 g/g）、阳离子交换能力（0.24 mol/g）最高，而E-IDF的膨胀力（9.89 mL/g）最高；E-SDF的持水力（9.69 g/g）、膨胀力（7.42 mL/g）最高，UME-SDF的持油力（13.76 g/g）最高，E-SDF的阳离子交换能力（0.31 mol/g）最高。对于亚硝酸盐吸附能力，pH值2时UMH-IDF（7.28 mg/g）和H-SDF（3.80 mg/g）最高，pH值7时HTH-IDF（12.87 mg/g）和UME-SDF（1.55 mg/g）最高。综合分析，高温蒸煮辅助复合酶解法总体优于其他方法，且SDF得率最高，可推广应用。

Abstract:

The effects of six extraction methods on the properties of dietary fiber from bergamot were investigated, including hot water extraction (H), high temperature cooking-assisted hot water extraction (HTH), ultra-fine grinding-assisted hot water extraction (UMH), complex enzymolysis with cellulase and xylanase (E), high temperature cooking-assisted complex enzymolysis (HTE), and ultra-fine comminution-assisted complex enzymolysis (UME). The purity of H-TDF (82.49 g/100 g) was the highest. The highest yields were from E-TDF (59.15%), UMH-IDF (48.45%) and HTE-SDF (23.68%) respectively. In terms of structural properties, all IDF and SDF had characteristic polysaccharide structures, typical cellulose I-type structures, and similar surface structures. Except for H-SDF, the macromolecular components of other SDFs were degraded. In terms of physical and chemical properties, HTE-IDF had the highest water holding (8.37 g/g), oil holding (2.11 g/g), and cation exchange capacity (0.24 mol/g), whereas E-IDF had the highest expansion capacity (9.89 mL/g). The water holding (9.69 g/g) and expansion capacity (7.42 mL/g) of E-SDF were the highest, the oil holding capacity (13.76 g/g) of UME-SDF was the highest, and the cation exchange capacity (0.31 mol/g) of E-SDF was the highest. For nitrite adsorption capacity, UMH-IDF (7.28 mg/g) and H-SDF (3.80 mg/g) were the highest at pH value 2, and HTH-IDF (12.87 mg/g) and UME-SDF (1.55 mg/g) were the highest at pH value 7. High temperature cooking-assisted complex enzymolysis was generally superior to other methods, and SDF yield was the highest. This method could be popularized.