羊栖菜水提物-鱼明胶复凝聚反应表征及其应用

Characterization and Application of the Complex Coacervation Reaction of Sargassum fusiforme Aqueous Extract-fish Gelatin

摘要:

羊栖菜水提物（Sargassum fusiforme Aqueous Extract，SFE）富含多糖和多酚等多种生物活性物质，可作为食品配料在健康食品中应用。除营养健康功能外，SFE能否作为不稳定营养素的包埋材料，保障食品功效和安全。基于此，该研究为评价SFE的封装特性，探究SFE和鱼明胶蛋白（Fish Gelatin，FG）二者在室温下的复合凝聚反应规律。在不同质量比和pH条件下，通过追踪体系Zeta电位、粒径、浊度的变化规律，并对比分析其产物的红外特征图谱，明确SFE和FG复合凝聚反应的合适条件。研究结果表明，SFE表面带有大量的负电荷，且随着pH的降低而增多；SFE可与带正电的FG发生复合凝聚反应，并确定了复合凝聚反应最佳条件为SFE:FG（1:3，m/m）、pH值4.2，此时SFE-FG复聚物产率高达83.73%；在此条件下，进一步发现壁材总质量分数为1%、芯壁比为2:8时，具有较好的花色苷包埋率，高达91.84%。说明SFE-FG复聚物作为包埋材料，具有良好的包埋作用，可作为微胶囊壁材的天然材料。

Abstract:

Sargassum fusiforme aqueous extract (SFE) is rich in polysaccharides, polyphenols, and other bioactive substances, which can be used as functional health food ingredients. It remains unclear whether SFE can also be used as an encapsulating material for unstable nutrients to preserve health food efficacy and safety. We investigated the encapsulation characteristics of SFE and explored the complex coacervation reaction of SFE and fish gelatin (FG) at room temperature. Under conditions combining different pH’s and mass ratios, changes in zeta potential, particle size, and turbidity of the system were assessed, and the infrared spectra of the complex coacervation products were compared and analyzed to determine conditions that best facilitate the complex coacervation reaction of SFE and FG. Our results indicate that the surface of SFE has abundant negative charges, which increase with decreasing pH. SFE formed complex coacervates with positively charged FG. The optimal condition for the complex coacervation of SFE and FG was obtained at SFE:FG (1:3, m/m) and pH 4.2, yielding a maximum coacervate of 83.73%. Under these conditions, the anthocyanin encapsulation efficiency was 91.84% when the wall material concentration was 1% and the core/wall ratio was 2:8. These results suggest that SFE offers great encapsulation efficiency and can be used as a natural material for microcapsule walls.