该研究主要探究灰树花多糖（GFPS）对来曲唑诱导多囊卵巢综合征大鼠（PCOS）症状的改善作用。采用来曲唑（1 mg/kg）建立PCOS模型，巴氏染色检测大鼠动情周期，HE染色观察大鼠卵巢形态学变化，酶联免疫吸附法检测大鼠血清促卵泡生成素（FSH）、促黄体生成素（LH）、雌二醇（E2）、睾酮（T）、甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、丙二醛（MDA）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）水平。qRT-PCR法检测卵巢组织中Sod1、Sod2、Cat、Gpx3的mRNA表达。GFPS减少了PCOS大鼠的囊状卵泡数量、增加了黄体和颗粒细胞数量，并显著改善血清性激素水平（至T：68.02 nmol/L；LH：83.22 ng/L；FSH：89.31 IU/L；E2：90.19 ng/L）、脂质水平（至TG：0.98 mmol/L；TC：0.36 mmol/L；LDL-C：0.18 mmol/L）以及氧化应激水平（至MDA：1.42 nmol/mL和SOD：1.49 U/mL）。此外，GFPS还能上调PCOS大鼠卵巢中抗氧化基因酶Sod1（3.86倍）、Sod2（3.16倍）、Cat（1.57倍）和Gpx3（2.75倍）的表达。研究结果表明，GFPS能够通过调节性激素水平、脂质水平和氧化应激水平，改善卵泡发育，是一种具有潜在PCOS治疗效果的天然多糖。

The effects of Grifola frondosa polysaccharides (GFPS) on symptoms of letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in female rats were investigated. The PCOS model was established using letrozole (1 mg/kg), while the estrous cycle of rats was detected by the Papanicolaou staining assay. Morphological changes in the rat ovaries were observed with HE staining, while the serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured byenzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The mRNA expression of Sod1, Sod2, Cat, and Gpx3 in the ovarian tissue was detected by qRT-PCR. GFPS reduced the number of cystic follicles and increased the number of corpus luteum and granulosa cells. GFPS significantly improved serum sex hormone levels in these rats to T: 68.02 nmol/L, LH: 83.22 ng/L, FSH: 89.31 IU/L, and E2: 90.19 ng/L; lipid levels to TG: 0.98 mmol/L, TC: 0.36 mmol/L, and LDL-C: 0.18 mmol/L; and oxidative stress levels to MDA: 1.42 nmol/mL and SOD: 1.49 U/mL. In addition, GFPS increased the expression levels of antioxidant genetic enzymes Sod1 (3.86-fold), Sod2 (3.16-fold), Cat (1.57-fold), and Gpx3 (2.75-fold) in the ovaries of PCOS rats. The results show that the natural polysaccharide GFPS, canimprove follicular development by regulating sexhormone levels, lipid levels, and oxidative stress levels, with potential therapeutic effects on PCOS.

国家自然科学基金项目（81860767）；中央财政引导地方科技发展基金（GKZY22096025）；广西自然科学基金项目（2022GXNSFAA035603；2018GXNSFAA281104；2016GXNSFBA380172）；人社部“高层次留学人才回国资助计划”(人社厅函[2019]160号)；广西高等学校千名中青年骨干教师培育计划资助（桂教人[2018]18号）；广西医疗卫生重点培育学科建设项目（桂卫科教发[2022]4号）