发酵乳制品作为益生菌的优良载体，已有上百年的历史。近年来，发酵乳制品因其具有较高的营养价值，促进人体新陈代谢，提高人体免疫功能等方面的健康益处而深受消费者的青睐。众所周知，肠道菌群在体内发挥十分重要的作用，其中包括免受潜在病原体的侵害、从膳食成分中提取营养、以及调节消化和免疫稳态等。然而，发酵乳可通过调节肠道菌群，进而改善胃肠道功能。该研究综述了发酵乳通过调节肠道菌群，进而改善胃肠道功能作用，缓解炎症性肠病、便秘、腹泻、胃食管反流以及消化溃疡等疾病。旨在探究发酵乳改善人体胃肠道功能作用方面的主要研究进展，为发酵乳制品的相关研究及未来发展提供参考。

Ermented dairy products have been used as excellent carriers of probiotics for more than one hundred years. In recent years, fermented dairy products have gain high popularity from consumers due to their high nutritional value, and health benefits including human metabolism-promoting property and human immune-improving function. It is well known that the gut microbiota plays very important roles in the body, including protection against potential pathogens, extraction of nutrients from dietary components, and regulation of digestion and immune homeostasis. Moreover, fermented milk can improve gastrointestinal function by regulating intestinal flora. This paper reviews the roles of fermented milk in improving gastrointestinal function by regulating intestinal flora, thereby alleviating diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases, constipation, diarrhea, gastroesophageal reflux and peptic ulcers. The aim of this paper is to explore the main research progress on the roles of fermented milk in improving human gastrointestinal function, and provide reference for research and future development related to fermented dairy products.