探究菱角壳提取物对脑缺血再灌注大鼠学习记忆能力和肌力的作用及机制。成年雄性SD大鼠建立局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型，随机分为假手术组、模型组、菱角壳提取物组，每组8只。给药7 d后，对大鼠进行神经功能缺陷评分、Morris水迷宫定位航行实验和空间探索实验及大鼠四肢肌力测定；同时检测脑组织超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase，SOD）活性及丙二醛（Malondialdehyde，MDA）含量。结果发现，菱角壳提取物组大鼠神经功能缺陷评分2.63分，低于模型组（P<0.05）；定位航行实验中，菱角壳提取物组大鼠在平台所在象限停留时间为24.89 s，与模型组相比延长（P<0.05），游泳路程为24 084.20 mm，明显增加（P<0.001），成功潜伏期16.22 s和总路程24 404.65 mm则显著缩短（P<0.001）；空间探索实验中，与模型组相比，大鼠穿越有效区域次数5.75次、在有效区域停留时间22.21 s以及在有效区域游泳路程33 744.41 mm均明显增加（P<0.05）；菱角壳提取物组大鼠四肢肌力为296.18 N/g，与模型组相比明显增强（P<0.001）；大鼠脑组织中SOD活性和MDA含量分别为4.27 NU/mg pro、2.33 nmol/mg pro，与模型组相比，结果亦具有显著性差异（P<0.001）。以上结果表明，菱角壳提取物能明显增强局灶性缺血再灌注大鼠的学习记忆能力和肌力，该作用可能与其减轻自由基损伤有关。

The effects and working mechanism of water caltrop shell extract on the learning and memory abilities as well as muscle strength of rats with focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion were explored. Focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was established using adult male SD rats, and the rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group, model group and water caltrop shell extract group, with each group having 8 rats. After 7 days of administration, the rats were scored based on neurological deficits; Morris water maze experiments including place navigation test and space exploration test were carried out; Muscular strength of rats’ four limbs was measured. Meanwhile, the activity of SOD and the content of MDA in the brain tissues were measured. The results showed that the score of neurological deficits for the water caltrop shell extract group was 2.63, which was lower than that of the model group (P<0.05). In the place navigation test, the residence time in the platform’s quadrant for the water caltrop shell extract group was 24.89 s, which was longer than that of the model group (P<0.05), and the swimming distance was 24 084.20 mm, which was significantly prolonged (P<0.001); the latency of success was 16.22 s and total distance was 24 404.65 mm, which were significantly shortened (P<0.001). In spatial probe test, compared with the model group, the number of crossing the effective area was 5.75 times, the duration of staying in the effective area was 22.21 s and the distance of swimming in the effective area was 33 744.41 mm, all of which increased significantly (P<0.05). The four limbs’ muscular strength of the water caltrop shell extract group was 296.18 N/g, which was significantly higher than that of the model group (P<0.001). The SOD activity and MDA content in the brain tissues were 4.27 NU/mg pro and 2.33 nmol/mg pro, respectively, which differed significantly from the model group (P<0.001). The above results showed that the water caltrop shell extract could enhance the learning and memory abilities as well as the muscular strength of rats with focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, which may be related to its ability to reduce free radical-induced injury.

国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD0400603）；农产品加工与转化湖北省重点实验室开发课题（2018HBSQDKFA03）