该研究探讨了富含α-亚麻酸（ALA）的亚麻籽油（FO）对多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）大鼠髓源性抑制细胞（MDSCs）、调节性T细胞（Treg）和巨噬细胞（Mψs）的调节作用。采用来曲唑造模法建立PCOS大鼠模型，每天监测动情周期变化。造模成功后，FO对照组和FO干预模型组灌胃FO 8 w；阴性对照组和模型组灌胃等量生理盐水。干预结束后，采用流式细胞术检测各组大鼠外周血、脾脏、骨髓中MDSCs，外周血和脾脏中Treg细胞以及卵巢组织中Mψs、M1型Mψs和M2型Mψs比例；采用免疫荧光技术检测卵巢组织Mψs表达情况。结果显示，来曲唑诱导的PCOS大鼠模型建立成功。与模型组相比，膳食FO干预后外周血、脾脏和骨髓中MDSCs比例显著升高至25.87%、5.63%和28.36%（p<0.05）；外周血和脾脏中Treg细胞升高至2.06%和1.07%（p<0.05）；卵巢Mψs和M1型Mψs比例以及卵巢Mψs荧光强度显著降低至13.51%、2.27%和1.59%（p<0.05）。该研究表明富含ALA的FO能够通过诱导MDSCs在外周血、脾脏和骨髓中募集,增加外周血和脾脏中Treg，以及抑制卵巢Mψs和M1型Mψs增殖改善PCOS。

The regulatory effects of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)-rich flaxseed oil (FO) on myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells (Tregs), and macrophages (Mψs) in a rat model of letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were investigated. Changes in the estrous cycle were also monitored every day. After successful model establishment, the FO control group and FO-treated model group were administered FO via gavage feeding for 8 w, whereas the negative control group and model group were administered the same as well as Mψs, M1 Mψs and M2 Mψs in ovary of rats in diverse groups were respectively detected by flow cytometry; the expression of Mψs amount of normal saline. After 8 w of treatment, the percentages of MDSCs in the peripheral blood, spleen, and bone marrow, those of Tregs in the peripheral blood and spleen, and those of Mψs, M1 Mψs, and M2 Mψs in the ovaries of rats in all four groups were evaluated using flow cytometry. The expression of Mψs in the ovarian tissues was determined using immunofluorescence staining. According to the results, letrozole-induced PCOS was successfully established in the rats. Moreover, dietary FO treatment significantly increased the percentages of MDSCs in the peripheral blood, spleen, and bone marrow to 25.87%, 5.63%, and 28.36%, respectively. Additionally, the percentages of Tregs in the peripheral blood and spleen were increased to 2.06% and 1.07%, respectively (p<0.05). By contrast, the percentages of ovarian Mψs and M1 Mψs had declined to 13.51% and 2.27%, respectively, whereas the fluorescence intensity of ovarian Mψs had decreased to 1.59% (p<0.05). Our results indicate that dietary ALA-rich FO supplementation may ameliorate PCOS by recruiting MDSCs in the peripheral blood, spleen, and bone marrow; increasing Tregs in the peripheral blood and spleen; and suppressing Mψ proliferation and M1 Mψ polarization in the ovaries.

国家自然科学基金项目（82160691）；宁夏自然科学基金优青项目（2021AAC05010）；宁夏自然科学基金面上项目（2020AAC03132）