该实验旨在筛选出一株具有较强降血脂功能的乳杆菌。试验采用的菌株分离自健康婴儿肠道，通过邻苯二甲醛比色法测定菌株降胆固醇能力、单试剂法测定降甘油三酯能力，并测定了其对酸及胆盐的耐受性，从中筛选出具有降胆固醇和降甘油三酯功能较强的菌株进行16S rDNA鉴定。通过建立高血脂地鼠模型，研究菌株体内降血脂能力。结果表明，鼠李糖乳杆菌HCS01-013的降胆固醇和甘油三酯能力较强，其胆固醇降解率达到35.40%；甘油三酯降解率达到44.32%；在0.3%和1.5%的胆盐环境下培养17 h的存活率分别为99.67%和96.79%，在pH 3.0和pH 2.0环境下培养17 h后存活率能达到88.76%和71.34%；黄金地鼠喂养高脂饲料建立的高脂地鼠模型后，喂养鼠李糖乳杆菌HCS01-013各剂量组与喂养生理盐水的模型对照组相比甘油三酯含量均明显降低。鼠李糖乳杆菌HCS01-013具有一定的降血脂功能，且耐逆环境能力较强，为该菌株相关研究及产品研发提供理论依据。

Screening was performed for a strain of Lactobacillus with strong cholesterol reduction ability from experimental strains isolated from the intestinal tract of healthy infants. The cholesterol reduction ability of the strains was measured using the o-phthalaldehyde colorimetric method, whereas triglyceride reduction ability was measured using the GPO-PAP method. The tolerance of the strains to acids and bile salts was also measured. Strains with strong cholesterol and triglyceride reduction functions were selected and confirmed using 16S rDNA. The hypolipidemic ability was studied by establishing a hyperlipidemic hamster model. Results showed that Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HCS01-013 had strong cholesterol and triglyceride reduction ability, with cholesterol degradation rate reaching 35.40% and triglyceride degradation rate reaching 44.32%. The survival rates after culturing in 0.3% and 1.5% bile salts for 17 h were 99.67% and 96.79%, respectively, and 88.76% and 71.34% after culturing in pH 3.0 and pH 2.0 for 17 h, respectively. After establishing the high-fat hamster model through a high-fat diet, hamsters were treated with different doses of probiotics. Regardless of dosage, triglyceride levels in the group fed with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HCS01-013 was significantly lower than that of the model control group fed with normal saline. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HCS01-013 has definite lipid lowering function and strong resistance to adverse environments, which provides a theoretical basis for related research for this strain and product development.