浒苔多糖的结构、制备与降解研究进展

Research Progress on the Structure, Preparation and Degradation of Enteromorpha Polysaccharides

摘要:

浒苔多糖作为浒苔的主要功能成分，具有多种生物活性，如免疫调节、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、降血脂等。但是由于其分子量较大，浒苔多糖具有溶解性差、生物利用率低等缺陷，这极大地限制了浒苔多糖资源的高值化开发和利用。浒苔多糖降解后得到的低分子量产物，在保持了多糖的多种生物活性的基础上，大大提升了其溶解性、生物利用度等，因而浒苔多糖降解产物的制备与活性研究已成为海洋生物资源开发研究领域的热点。目前，浒苔寡糖的制备主要是通过对浒苔多糖的降解实现的，主要方法包括化学降解法、物理降解法和酶降解法等。该研究综述了浒苔多糖的化学组成、结构、提取和纯化方法，并对浒苔多糖降解产物的制备方法和活性等进展进行了总结和展望，以期为浒苔多糖及其降解产物的研究提供理论基础，为推动海洋藻类多糖资源的高值化利用和开发提供参考。

Abstract:

Enteromorpha polysaccharides as the main functional components of Enteromorpha exhibit various biological activities, such as immune-regulatory, antioxidant, antitumor and hypolipidemic activities. However, Enteromorpha polysaccharides have drawbacks such as poor solubility and low bioavailability owing to their high molecular weights, which greatly limits their high-value development and utilization. The low-molecular-weight products obtained after the degradation products of Enteromorpha polysaccharides have greatly improved solubility and bioavailability, while maintaining various biological activities. Therefore, the preparation and activity study of the degradation products of Enteromorpha polysaccharides have become development and research hot spots in the field of marine bioresources. At present, the preparation of Enteromorpha oligosaccharides is mainly achieved through degrading Enteromorpha polysaccharides, and the main methods include chemical degradation, physical degradation and enzymatic degradation. This paper reviewed the chemical composition, structure, and extraction and purification methods for Enteromorpha polysaccharides. The progress on the preparation methods and activities of the degradation products of Enteromorpha polysaccharides were summarized and prospected, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the research on Enteromorpha polysaccharides and their degradation products, and the reference for promoting the high-value utilization and development of marine algal polysaccharide resources.