凉果中优势腐败霉菌的分离鉴定

Isolation and Identification of Dominant Spoilage Molds from Preserves

摘要:

凉果加工与贮藏中霉菌污染直接影响凉果的品质。为明确凉果贮藏中优势腐败霉菌的种类，该研究对在常温贮存4个月后霉变的葡萄干、话梅、杏脯中腐败霉菌进行了分离纯化，得到7种典型腐败霉菌。将分离出的腐败霉菌回接至无菌的葡萄干、话梅、杏脯表面，进行回接侵染实验，通过凉果霉变时间确定出4株菌株为优势腐败霉菌。通过菌落形态特征、菌丝和分生孢子显微结构观察，结合核糖体内转录间隔区（rDNA-ITS）序列分析，构建系统发育，鉴定优势霉菌种属。结果表明：葡萄干的优势霉菌为芽枝状枝孢霉（Cladosporium velox）和暗黄青霉（Penicillium citreonigrum），话梅的优势腐败菌为细极链格孢（Alternaria tenuissima），杏脯的优势腐败霉菌为菌核青霉（Penicillium sclerotiorum）。该研究结果可为凉果腐败霉菌的分离鉴定提供可靠的方法，也可为后续凉果杀菌方法的选择，贮藏条件的优化提供依据。

Abstract:

Mold contamination in the processing and storage of preserves directly affects the quality of preserves. In order to clarify the types of predominant spoilage molds in preserved preserves, this study isolated and purified spoilage molds in raisins, plums and apricots that were moldy after storage at room temperature for 4 months, and obtained 7 typical spoilage molds. The isolated spoilage molds were returned to the surface of raisins, plums and apricots for infection test verification. Four strains were identified as dominant spoilage molds based on the moldy time of preserves. Through the observation of the morphological characteristics of the colony, the microstructure of hyphae and conidium, combined with the sequence analysis of ribosomal transcribed spacer (rDNA its), the phylogeny was constructed and the dominant mold species were identified. The results showed that Cladosporium velox and Penicillium citreonigrum were the dominant molds in raisins, Alternaria tenuissima was the dominant spoilage molds of plum, and Penicillium sclerotiorum was the dominant spoilage molds of apricot. It provided a reliable method for the isolation and identification of spoilage mold in preserves, and laid a basis for the selection of subsequent sterilization methods and the optimization of storage conditions.