亚临界流体萃取高效脱除枸杞中的农药残留

Subcritical Fluid Extraction for Efficient Removal of Pesticide Residues from Lycium barbarum

摘要:

为有效去除枸杞中农药残留以提高食用安全性，该研究采用亚临界流体萃取技术脱除毒死蜱、氯氰菊酯、多菌灵等常见7种残留农药，探究不同溶剂类型、萃取温度、萃取时间和次数对残留农药的去除效果。研究表明，亚临界流体脱除农药残留的最佳条件为：萃取剂丁烷:乙醇2:1（W/W）、萃取温度30 ℃、萃取时间40 min、萃取次数2次。在此条件下，克百威、氯氟氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯和毒死蜱的脱除率分别为95.53%、92.73%、93.58%和93.41%，吡虫啉、多菌灵和氟虫腈的脱除率分别为86.61%、89.04%和89.59%；处理后枸杞中主要成分枸杞多糖、甜菜碱和水分的损失率分别为为4.50%、4.41%和0.54%，活性成分损失较小。亚临界流体萃取技术可以显著降低枸杞中农药残留，同时达到无损脱除的效果，是一种绿色环保的农残脱除手段。

Abstract:

To effectively remove the pesticide residues in Lycium barbarum and improve food safety, in this study, subcritical fluid extraction technology was used to remove 7 kinds of common pesticide residues such as chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and carbendazim. The effects of different solvent types, extraction temperature, extraction time and times on the removal rate of the pesticides were investigated. The research revealed that the optimal extraction conditions for subcritical fluid removal of pesticide residues were as follows: extracting agent, butane: methanol, 2:1 (W/W); extraction temperature, 30 ℃; extraction duration, 40 min; extraction times, 2. Under these conditions, the removal rates of carbocarb, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos were 95.53%, 92.73%, 93.58% and 93.41%, respectively, with the removal rates of imidacloprid, carbendazim and fipronil as 86.61%, 89.04% and 89.59%, respectively. After the treatment, the loss rates of polysaccharide, betaine and water of Lycium barbarum were 4.50%, 4.41% and 0.54%, respectively, indicating that the loss of active components was small. The subcritical fluid extraction technology can reduce the pesticide residues in Lycium barbarum not only significantly but also non-destructively. It is a green and environmentally friendly method for the removal of pesticide residues.