为了研究复合益生菌制剂对人体肠道菌群的调节作用，该实验招募到15名健康志愿者，连续服用4周的复合益生菌制剂。干预前后收集志愿者的粪便样品，通过16S rDNA扩增子测序技术分析干预前后粪便中肠道菌群组成的变化。其结果表明：复合益生菌制剂干预4周后，人体肠道菌群的Shannon指数和Evenness指数不变（p>0.05）；在门水平上，厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）和放线菌门（Actinobacteria）的相对丰度增加；在属水平上，除乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）和双歧杆菌属（Bifidobacterium）的相对丰度增加以外，复合益生菌制剂干预对柯林斯菌属（Collinsella）、瘤胃球菌属（Ruminococcus）、多尔氏菌属（Dorea）和真细菌属（Eubacterium）等肠道内产氢气细菌的相对丰度也产生影响。由此认为，该复合益生菌制剂具有调节肠道菌群组成的作用，能够提高肠道内一些有益菌的丰度。

To study the regulation effects of complex probiotics on human intestinal microbiota, 15 healthy volunteers were recruited to intake the synthesized complex probiotics for four consecutive weeks, and high-throughput 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing was performed to analyze the changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota in their stool samples before and after the intake of complex probiotics. The sequencing results revealed that the Shannon and Evenness indices of human intestinal microbiota remain unchanged after four weeks of compound probiotics intake (p>0.05). However, the relative abundance of two phyla, namely Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, was found to be increased. Similarly, at the genus level, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium increased. Additionally, the relative abundance of intestinal hydrogen-producing bacteria, such as Collinsella, Ruminococcus, Dorea, and Eubacterium was also influenced. Conclusively, the intestinal microbiota can be regulated by the synthesized complex probiotics and the relative abundance of some beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract is thereby increased.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（31972086；31801530）