广西北部湾鲜活水产品中氯霉素残留的膳食暴露风险评估

Risk Assessment of Dietary Exposure to Residual Chloramphenicol from Consuming Fresh Aquatic Products from Beibu Gulf, Guangxi

摘要:

为探明广西居民膳食北部湾水产品摄入氯霉素暴露风险的大小。本研究监测了2018~2020年广西北部湾地区水产品中氯霉素的残留量，分析氯霉素残留与北部湾地区水产品种类的相关性，采用暴露边界比（margin of exposure，MOE）方法对膳食水产品摄入氯霉素的暴露风险进行简单点评估和概率评估。结果表明，氯霉素总检出率为2.69%，卡方检验表明氯霉素的检出率与水产品种类极显著相关，贝类中氯霉素检出率为13.33%，而鱼类中淡水鱼检出率仅有0.24%，海水鱼中均未检出。简单点评估和概率评估结果表明，膳食北部湾水产品摄入氯霉素的日暴露量极低，但中端以上暴露人群MOE<10000，有一定的健康风险；在各百分位数处膳食贝类的日暴露量比其他几类水产品高1个数量级。广西居民54.7%的人群可能存在因膳食北部湾水产品摄入氯霉素的健康风险。贝类中氯霉素的含量对居民膳食北部湾水产品摄入氯霉素的日暴露量影响最大（r=0.99），是关键敏感因子。所以中端以上暴露量人群应注意控制贝类的消费量，监管部门应加强对广西北部湾地区贝类中氯霉素残留量的监测。

Abstract:

To investigate the risk of chloramphenicol exposure among Guangxi residents by consuming aquatic products from Beibu Gulf, this study monitored chloramphenicol residues in aquatic products from Beibu Gulf from 2018 to 2020. The chloramphenicol content of various types of aquatic products from Beibu Gulf was analyzed. Margin of exposure (MOE) values were calculated to evaluate exposure probability and risk. In this research, chloramphenicol was detected in 2.69% of samples. Chi-square analyses indicate that chloramphenicol detection rates are significantly correlated with types of aquatic product. The chloramphenicol detection rate in shellfish is 13.33% while that in freshwater fish is merely 0.24%. No chloramphenicol is detected in marine fish point and probability. Assessments demonstrate that dietary exposure to chloramphenicol through consuming aquatic products from Beibu Gulf is extremely low. However, the MOE of the population with exposure above the 50th percentile is below 10000, suggesting some health risks. At all percentiles, the daily exposure from consuming shellfish is one order of magnitude higher than that associated with consumption of other aquatic products. 54.7% of Guangxi residents might experience health risks due to their intake of chloramphenicol in aquatic products from Beibu Gulf. The chloramphenicol content in shellfish exerts the greatest influence on daily exposure, making shellfish the key sensitivity factor (r=0.99). Therefore, the population with higher exposure should limit their consumption of shellfish. Health authorities should more strictly monitor chloramphenicol levels in shellfish from Beibu Gulf, Guangxi.