浓碱湿法变性淀粉的制备工艺

Preparation Modified Starch by Using Concentrated Alkali

摘要:

以玉米淀粉为原料，三偏磷酸钠、次氯酸钠、醋酸酐、环氧丙烷、3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵为改性剂，采用质量分数3%、6%和10%的氢氧化钠溶液在水相中制得变性淀粉，并研究了其理化性质。根据反应过程碱液消耗量和反应后淀粉乳总容积，计算出反应罐利用效率和用水量变化，研究显示，采用10%浓碱制备湿法变性淀粉可以提高反应罐的利用效率和生产能力5%~22%，减少工业废水排放量8%~34%，其中采用浓碱对于制备高效节水醋酸酯淀粉和阳离子淀粉效果尤为显著。该工艺突破了目前普遍采用低浓度碱液（质量分数2%~4%）制备湿法变性淀粉的瓶颈，为食品及工业上浓碱湿法变性淀粉的生产提供了理论基础。

Abstract:

Using corn starch as the raw material, sodium trimetaphosphate, sodium hypochlorite, acetic anhydride, propylene oxide, 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride as the modifiers, the modified starch was prepared in the aqueous phase with the mass fractions of the 3%, 6% and 10% sodium hydroxide solutions. The physicochemical properties of the modified starch were studied as well. According to the consumption of sodium hydroxide solution in the reaction process and the total volume of starch milk after the reaction, the utilization efficiency of the reaction tank and the change of water consumption were calculated. The results showed that the preparation of wet modified starch with 10% concentrated alkali can improve the utilization efficiency and production capacity of the reaction tank by 5%~22%, reduce industrial wastewater discharge by 8%~34%, and the use of concentrated alkali was particularly effective in preparing high-efficiency water-saving acetate starch and cationic starch. The process breaks through the bottleneck of preparing low-concentration alkali (mass fraction of 2%~4%) to prepare wet modified starch, which provides a theoretical basis for the production of wet modified starch with concentrated alkali in food and industry.