蝉花菌质的营养及脂质成分分析

Nutritional and Lipid Components of Substrate from Isaria cicadae

摘要:

本研究以蝉花菌质为试材，采用常规分析法测定一般营养成分；氯仿-甲醇改良法提取总脂肪，硅胶柱层析法分离总脂肪中的极性、中性脂质，TLC分析鉴定其功能性脂质成分；高效液相色谱法和气相色谱法分别测定氨基酸及脂肪酸组成。结果表明：蝉花菌质干物质中的粗蛋白、总脂肪、灰分和粗纤维含量分别为15.22%、1.47%、1.33%和5.54%。钙和磷以及维生素A和维生素E含量分别为0.27%、0.13%、266.59 mg/100 g、62.98 mg/100 g。TLC分析表明脂肪成分中含有鞘磷脂（SM）、卵磷脂（PC）、脑磷脂（PE）和甘油三酯（TG）等功能性脂肪。蝉花菌质富含多不饱和脂肪酸，占脂肪酸总量的48.06%，其中亚油酸含量高达47.94%。蝉花菌质含17种氨基酸，总量为88.27mg/g，其中必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的53.11%。综上结果，蝉花菌质富含各类营养素，可作为食品或动物饲料添加剂开发利用。

Abstract:

In this research, the waste substrate matrix of Isaria cicadae was used as the test material, and its common nutrients were determined using the routine analysis methods. The total lipid content was extracted using an improved chloroform-methanol method, while the polar and neutral lipids in the total fat were separated by silica gel column chromatography. The functional lipid components and fatty acid composition were determined by TLC and gas chromatography. The results showed that the crude protein, total lipid, ash and crude fiber content in the waste substrate matrix of I. cicadae were 15.22, 1.47, 1.33 and 5.54% (on dry mass basis), respectively. The contents of calcium, phosphorus, vitamin A and vitamin E were 0.27%, 0.13% and 266.59 mg/100 g, 62.98 mg/100 g, respectively. TLC analysis revealed that the lipid component contained functional lipids such as sphingomyelin (SM), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) and triglycerides (TG). The waste substrate matrix of I. cicadae was rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (accounting for 48.06% of the total fatty acids), with the content of linoleic acid as high as 47.94%. I. cicadae contained 17 types of amino acids with the total amount being 88.27 mg/g (out of which essential amino acids accounting for 53.11%). In summary, the waste substrate matrix of I. cicadae is rich in various nutrients and can be used for food or animal feed applications.