采用高通量测序技术分析益生菌对冷食小鼠肠道菌群的影响。将实验小鼠随机分为模型组、对照组和低中高剂量组，分别灌喂等量的普通冰淇淋、107 cfu/mL益生菌液和107、108、109 cfu/mL的益生菌冰淇淋。连续灌喂15 d，记录并计算小鼠的稀便率和腹泻指数，15 d后，收集各组小鼠粪便进行高通量测序分析。发现食用冷食会导致部分小鼠腹泻，在剂量范围内，益生菌可以缓解冷凉性敏感小鼠的腹泻症状，高剂量组小鼠的稀便率降低了3.11%，腹泻指数（10-1）降低了0.33，抑制效果较其它各组最为明显。服用了益生菌的小鼠粪便菌群多样性较高（高剂量组ACE值为69987.29，Chao1值为27098.77），乳酸菌属、艾克曼氏菌属、Blautia等菌属占比增大，菌群结构发生改变。因此益生菌可以提高冷凉性腹泻敏感小鼠对冷食的接受度，冷冻载体下的益生菌可以在小鼠肠道中定植并对小鼠肠道起到调节作用。

High-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the effects of probiotics on the intestinal flora of cold-fed mice. The experimental mice were randomly divided into a model group, a control group, and a low, medium, and high dose group, and an equal amount of ordinary ice cream, 107 cfu/mL probiotic liquid, and 107, 108, 109 cfu/mL probiotic ice cream, respectively. The rats were continuously fed for 15 days, and the stool rate and diarrhea index of mice were recorded and calculated. After 15 days, the feces of each group were collected for high-throughput sequencing analysis. It was found that cold food could cause diarrhea in some mice. In the dose range, probiotics could alleviate the symptoms of diarrhea in cold-sensitive mice. The high-dose group decreased the stool rate by 3.11% and the diarrhea index (10-1) by 0.33. The inhibition effect was significant, compared to the other groups. The fecal flora of mice with probiotics was highly diverse (the high-dose group had an ACE value of 69987.29 and the Chao1 value was 27098.77), and the proportion of genus Lactobacillus, Ekmenia, and Blautia increased and their structure changed. Therefore, probiotics could improve the acceptance of cold food in cold-sensitive diarrhea-sensitive mice. The probiotics under the frozen carrier could be colonized in the intestine of mice and regulate the intestinal tract of mice.

内蒙古自治区科技成果转化项目（OGZH2018179）；国家林业局，大熊猫国际资金项目（SG1409）；黑龙江省应用技术研究与开发计划（GA15B203）