采用冷压榨、水蒸汽蒸馏及机械磨皮三种方法制备柚皮精油，比较直接进样和固相微萃取两种进样方式对柚皮精油挥发性成分种类和数量的影响，并利用主成分分析（PCA）和偏最小二乘法判别分析（PLS-DA）对三种方法提取的精油挥发性成分进行统计分析并找出特征挥发性成分。结果表明：直接进样法结合GC-MS从柚皮精油中共分离鉴定出69种物质，SPME结合GC-MS共鉴定出51种物质，直接进样比SPME进样更全面地反映出精油挥发性成分的组成。PCA分析能对直接进样法检测的三种柚皮精油进行很好的区分，其中冷榨油与磨皮油挥发性成分更为接近。PLS-DA分析发现能够将三种精油区分开的特征挥发性成分有：冷榨油中的桧烯、D-柠檬烯、α-松油醇、β-月桂烯、α-蒎烯以及4-萜品醇；水提油中芳樟醇、(R)-氧化柠檬烯、8,9-二氢新异长叶烯；磨皮油中的圆柚酮，n-棕榈酸以及(Z,Z)-9,12-十八二烯酸。其中水提油中特征挥发性物质氧化柠檬烯（5.19%）具有不良气味，磨皮油中保留指数大于2000的挥发性成分相对含量（4.61%）较高，影响澄清度和稳定性。综合以上成分分析得出，冷压榨法制备的柚皮精油的品质相对较好。

In this study, pomelo peel essential oil was prepared by cold pressing, steam distillation and mechanical dermabrasion. The effects of direct injection and solid phase microextraction (SPME) on the type and amount of volatile components of pomelo peel essential oil were compared. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were applied to analyze the volatile components in essential oils extracted from the three methods and identify the characteristic volatile compounds. The results showed that totally 69 compounds were identified by the approach involving direct injection combined with GC-MS, and 51 compounds by SPME combined with GC-MS, with the direct injection approach showing the volatile profile of essential oil more comprehensively than SPME. For the volatile profiles obtained by the direct injection method, PCA analysis can distinguish the three kinds of pomelo peel essential oils with those derived from cold pressing and mechanical dermabrasion being more similar. PLS-DA analysis revealed that the characteristic volatile components in the three essential oils can be distinguished: Sabinene, D-limonene, α-terpineol, β-myrcene, α-pinene,and 4-terpineol in cold pressed oil; Linalool, (R)-limonene oxide and 8,9-dihydroneisoxylene in steam distillation oil; Nootkatone, n-palmitic acid, and (Z,Z)-9,12-octadienoic acid in dermabrasion oil. Among them, the characteristic volatile compound limonene oxide (5.19%) in steam distillation oil exhibited an irritating odor. The volatile components with a retention index greater than 2000 was higher (4.61%) in dermabrasion oil, which affected the clarity and stability of essential oils. Based on the above analyses, the quality of the pomelo peel oil prepared by cold pressing was better.

国家重点研发计划（2017YFD0400900；2017YFD04000904）；广东省自然科学基金项目（2015A030312001）；国家自然科学基金项目（31501500）