为了提高真假鱼翅鉴别的准确性、可操作性及快速性，本文采用反复热冷处理及组织结构对天然鱼翅及仿生鱼翅进行了鉴别方法的研究。反复冷热处理结果发现天然鱼翅均具有明显的反复热收缩和冷伸展的特点，其中最佳条件为热处理5 min、冷处理30 min及反复冷热处理2次。为了进一步验证热冷处理条件的可行性，通过对鲨鱼不同部位及不同种类的鱼翅的热缩冷胀结果进行统计分析，所得的数据密集度好，误差小，准确性强，均值具有代表性，符合正态分布，并且发现仿生鱼翅是热胀冷缩的特点。组织形态结果发现天然鱼翅的翅针表现为不规则的同心环状，环带排列相对均匀，具有鱼类特有的年轮特征，但是仿生鱼翅无年轮特征，两者之间的差异非常明显。总的来说，热缩冷胀法及组织形态法是一种快速的、操作简单的、准确的天然鱼翅与仿生鱼翅的鉴别方法。

In order to improve the accuracy, operability, and rapidity of the identification of natural and artificial shark fins, a facile method based on responses to repeated heat and cold treatments and/or tissue structure was establised in this work.. The results of the repeated heat and cold treatments showed that the natural shark fins had obvious characteristics of repeated heat-contraction and cold-expansion, and the optimum conditions were two cycles of 5-min heat and 30-min cold treatments. To further validate the feasibility of these conditions, the data of repeated heat and cold treatments on different parts of the shark fins and different types of natural shark fins were statistically analyzed. Results showed that the data had good precision, small error, good accuracy, and followed a normal distribution, and that the mean values were representative. Additionally, the artificial shark fins had different characteristics, repeated heat-expansion and cold-contraction. The tissue morphology results showed that the natural shark fin needle was in the shape of an irregular concentric ring, and that the annular arrangements were relatively homogeneous, a unique characteristic of annual ring formation in fish. However, the artificial shark fins did not have this characteristic. Therefore, the difference of microstructure between the natural shark fins and the artificial shark fins was obvious. In general, the heat-contraction and cold-expansion method and tissue morphology analysis are rapid, easy, and accurate methods to distinguish between natural and the artificial shark fins.

国家科技支撑计划项目（2012BAD28B05）；广东省质量安全专项安专项