陈皮挥发油的低温连续相变萃取及特性分析

Extraction of Volatile Oil from Tangerine Peel by Low-temperature Continuous Phase Transition and Analysis of Its Properties

摘要:

陈皮作为传统中药材，其所含挥发油具有祛痰、平喘等多种药理作用。本研究采用低温连续相变萃取技术从陈皮中提取挥发油，探讨了原料颗粒度、萃取时间、萃取压力、萃取温度和和解析温度对提取率的影响, 并通过L9(34)正交试验优化萃取工艺对挥发油提取率的影响。同时对陈皮挥发油理化性质和脂肪酸组成进行了分析。结果表明，低温连续相变萃取陈皮挥发油的最佳工艺条件为：原料颗粒度40目，萃取时间60 min，萃取压力0.6 MPa，萃取温度30 ℃，解析温度70 ℃，在此条件下陈皮挥发油的提取率为3.31%。低温连续相变萃取陈皮挥发油呈黄色至红棕色半固体膏状物，内含10.6%多甲氧基黄酮类物质，碘值为122.4 g I/100 g，酸价为73.8 mg KOH/g，过氧化值为0.1 g/100 g。经GC-MS分析发现，陈皮挥发油主要脂肪酸组成为亚油酸（30.01%），十八碳-9-烯酸（25.43%），亚麻酸（16.32%）和硬脂酸（4.56%）。

Abstract:

Tangerine peel is a traditional Chinese medicinal material. The volatile oil of tangerine peel has a variety of pharmacological effects, such as dispelling phlegm and relieving asthma. The volatile oil was extracted by continuous phase transition n-butane in low- temperature environment, and the effects of granularity, extraction time, extraction temperature, extraction pressure and separation temperature were discussed. The orthogonal experiment (L9(34)) was adopted to optimize extraction conditions, the extracted yield was 3.31% with granularity of 40 mesh, extraction time of 60 min, extraction temperature of 30 ℃, extraction pressure of 0.6 MPa, and separation temperature of 70 ℃. The physical and chemical properties and fatty acid compositions of oil were analyzed. The extracted tangerine peel oil was semisolid paste with a yellow to reddish brown color, containing 10.6% of methoxy flavone, iodine value 122.4 g I/100 g, acid value 73.8 mg KOH/g and peroxide value 0.1 g/100 g. The major components of volatile oil from tangerine peel were linoleic acid (30.01%), 9-Octadecenoic acid (25.43%), linolenic acid (16.32%), and stearic acid (4.56%) by GC-MS.