Regulation of Aroma and Color Characters in ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ Wines through ‘Coupage’ Technique
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Abstract:
To avoid deficiencies in monovarietal wines and improve flavor quality by blending different wines with different proportion through the technique of wine blending after fermentation (‘coupage’), Cabernet Sauvignon wine was regarded as base wine and blended with Cabernet Franc, Marselan, and Petit Verdot wines with proportion of 10%, 20%, 30%, respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) were used to detect flavor compounds, namely, volatile aroma compounds and phenolic compounds. Quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) and CIELAB model were conducted to evaluate the difference of wine sensory quality. The results showed it was not an efficient way to increase fruity aroma by merely blending wines with high level of esters. Only Cabernet Franc wine with proportion above 20% increased the concentration of acetates in blending wine samples after 6-month bottle aging (p<0.05). Marselan wine with proportion over 10% could promote flower attribute and reduce herbal notes by increasing concentration isoprenoids, and lower the yellow hue at the same time. Petit Verdot wine with proportion of 30% had great contribution to the improvement of phenolic composition, especially by increasing the concentration of flavanols (1.43 times), flavonols (1.27 times) and phenolic acids (4.68 times), which was beneficial for color stabilization. Therefore, it is practicable to regulate aroma and color characteristics in ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ wines through wine blending after fermentation, which provides theoretical basis for scientific design of ‘coupage’.
