Advances in Studies on Endophytes and Polyphenols in Morinda citrifolia Fruits
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Abstract:
Morinda citrifolia (Morinda sp, Rubiaceae), also known as NONI, has a 2000-year history of use as an edible and medicinal plant in Polynesia. There are abundant endophytes in the fruit of Morinda citrifolia. Natural fermentation is an important process for its processing. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the endophytic bacteria and active components in these fruits. This paper reviews the type of endophytic microorganisms as well as the structure of the main active components-phenolics, including terpenoids, coumarins, lignans, flavonoids, phenolic acids and other phenolics in the fruit of Morinda citrifolia. Physiological activities of the Morinda citrifolia fruit were summarized (mainly including bacteriostasis, protection against liver damage, anti-cancer activity, anti-oxidative effect, cardiovascular protection and immunity enhancement), to provide a theoretical basis for the studies of functional foods and medicines, which is conducive to the wider and effective use of Morinda citrifolia fruit. This review also aimed to provide the reference for further research on the natural fermentation process of foods
