食品已成为人体摄入微塑料（Microplastics，MPs）的主要来源。食品中的MPs主要来源于食品原料（包括鱼类、贝类、农作物、食盐和水等）、食品加工过程以及食品包装。MPs在食品中的丰度、形状、粒径及聚合物类型等分布特征与地理位置、人类活动以及食品工业类型等因素相关。目前，MPs的检测方法包括扫描电子显微镜和能量色散x射线光谱联用（Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy，SEM-EDS），傅里叶变换红外光谱（Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy，FT-IR），拉曼光谱（Raman Spectroscopy，RS），热分析法与气相色谱-质谱（Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry，GC-MS）联用法及上述方法的组合使用。此外，MPs内在的化学添加剂、从环境中吸附的污染物和有害微生物附着可能对人体产生健康风险，包括直接毒性、易位毒性以及复合毒性。已有研究证实炎症，氧化应激，细胞凋亡和线粒体功能障碍与MPs摄入量密切相关。该文综述了食品中MPs污染的来源、分布特征、检测方法和毒理作用，以期为食品中的MPs风险防控与未来研究提供参考。

Food has become the main source of ingested microplastics (MPs) by the human body. MPs in food mainly come from food raw materials (including fish, shellfish, crops, salt and water, etc.), food processing and food packaging. The distribution characteristics of MPs in food such as abundance, shape, particle size and polymer type are related to factors such as geographical location, human activities and type of food industry. Currently, detection methods for MPs include scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy (RS), thermal analysis coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MC), and a combination of these methods. In addition, the chemical additives inherent in MPs, pollutants adsorbed from the environment, and harmful microbial adhesion can pose health risks to the human body, including direct toxicity, translocation toxicity and compound toxicity. Studies have confirmed that inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction are closely related to MPs intake. This article reviews the sources, distribution characteristics, detection methods, and toxicological effects of MPs contamination in food, which ultimately provides a reference for the prevention and control of MPs in food as well as future research.

河南省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目（Z20221341069）