异硫氰酸酯（Isothiocyanates）是一类主要来源于十字花科植物的次生代谢产物，不仅具有食品的特殊风味，还在抗肿瘤、改善糖尿病、神经保护、抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等方面具有丰富的生物活性，被广泛应用于食品、医药以及农业等领域。由于异硫氰酸酯天然来源含量低，化学合成制备污染较大等问题，而随着合成生物学的发展，为绿色、高效、稳定的获取异硫氰酸酯提供了新方法。该文详细从异硫氰酸酯的分类、生物活性、生物利用度、生物合成途径及提高物种中异硫氰酸酯产量的分子生物学方法的研究进展进行系统地阐述，旨在加深对异硫氰酸酯的作用价值认识，为异硫氰酸酯进一步的开发利用提供技术支撑，有望为功能性食品领域的开发提供理论依据，并为异硫氰酸酯类化合物的高产量制备提供思路。

Isothiocyanates are a class of secondary metabolites mainly derived from cruciferous plants, which not only have the special flavor of food, but also have rich biological activities in anticancer, hypoglycemic, neuroprotection, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, etc. They are widely used in food, medicine and agriculture. Due to the low content of isothiocyanates from natural sources and the large pollution of chemical synthesis preparation, with the development of synthetic biology, a new method for the green, efficient and stable acquisition of isothiocyanates is provided. In this review, the classifications, biological activities, bioavailability, biosynthesis pathway and molecular biology methods to improve the yield of isothiocyanates in species are systematically expounded in detail, aim to further deepen the understanding of the role value of isothiocyanates, provide technical support for the further development and utilization of isothiocyanates, and are expected to provide a theoretical basis for the development of functional foods and the high-yield preparation of isothiocyanates.

云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目（2023J0430），云南省绿色健康食品中泰双边国际联合实验室（202203AP140011），云南省省市一体化专项（202302AN360002），高层次科技人才及创新团队选拔专项（202305AS350025）