牛奶作为一种老少皆宜的食品，具有丰富的营养价值。近年来，牛奶质量与安全问题受到广泛关注，鉴别牛奶质量与安全性成为乳制品研究的主要方向之一。牛奶中含有许多代谢物，包括主要营养元素以及药物残留。代谢组学作为研究食品质量与安全的一类重要方法，可以大规模、高通量的揭示食品的质量安全问题。该文综述了代谢组学技术在牛奶质量与安全领域的应用。分析了对不同品种奶牛、不同加热方式以及不同环境和饲粮条件下得到的牛奶代谢物差异与牛奶质量的相关性；并总结了代谢组学技术鉴定牛奶中药物残留的应用，该技术可识别牛奶掺假问题；同时归纳了不同技术方法在牛奶质量和安全领域应用的特点。总之，该文阐明了代谢组学在鉴定牛奶品质中的应用范围，总结了近年来代谢组学在牛奶质量和安全方面的进展。

Milk, as a kind of food for all agesboth young and old, has high nutritional value. In recent years, the issues related to milk quality and safety have received widespread attention, and the determination of milk quality and safety has become one of the main research directions for dairy product research. Milk contains many metabolites, including major nutrients and drug residues. Metabolomics, as an important class of methods for studying food quality and safety, can reveal the quality and safety of food products on a large scale and with high throughput. This paper reviews the application of metabolomics techniques in the field of milk quality and safety. The correlation between the differences in milk metabolites and the quality of milk obtained from different breeds of cows, by different heating methods, and under different environmental and ration feeding conditions, is analyzed. The applications of metabolomics techniques in identifying drug residues in milk are summarized. This technique can be use for milk adulteration. The characteristics of different technical methods applied in the milk quality and safety field are also summarized. In conclusion, this paper clarifies the application scope of metabolomics in the determination of milk quality and summarizes the progress of metabolomics in milk quality and safety in recent years.

国家自然科学基金项目（31601538）；辽宁省教育厅基础项目（JL202008）；辽宁省科技厅面上项目（2022-MS-350）