选取陈皮、柠檬和金桔这三种柑橘类植物为原料，利用超临界CO2 萃取法高效提取精油。采用GC-MS分析样品成分，进而探究三种精油对金黄色葡萄球菌和烟曲霉菌的抑菌活性。研究表明：柠檬精油中的醇类（3.41%）、醛类（2.55%）、酮类（2.03%）、酯类（7.17%）和除柠檬烯以外的萜烯类化合物（34.06%）含量较高，D-柠檬烯含量是这三种精油中最低的（46.52%）；陈皮精油中的萜烯类（86.34%）、酚类化合物（1.82%）含量较高；金桔精油中的酸类化合物（12.71%）和D-柠檬烯（72.69%）含量较高。精油对金黄色葡萄球菌和烟曲霉菌的抑菌活性均为柠檬精油＞陈皮精油＞金桔精油。在这三种柑橘类精油中D-柠檬烯并非是唯一的抑菌成分，精油的抑菌活性也与除D-柠檬烯以外的抑菌成分密切相关。其中柠檬精油中含量丰富的γ-松油烯和β-蒎烯等其他抑菌成分可与D-柠檬烯协同起到有效提高精油抑菌活性的作用。该方法所提取的精油可为相关天然抑菌产品研发提供一定帮助。

Three citrus species, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP), lemon and kumquat, were selected as raw materials for the extraction of essential oils by supercritical CO2 extraction. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze the components of the samples, and the microbiostatic activities of the three essential oils against Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus fumigatus were also studied. The results showed that lemon essential oil had relatively high levels of alcohols (3.41%), aldehydes (2.55%), ketones (2.03%), esters (7.17%) and terpenes (34.06%), whereas the content of D-limonene (46.52%) was the lowest among the three essential oils. CRP essential oil had relatively high levels of terpenes (86.34%) and phenolic compounds (1.82%), while kumquat essential oil had relatively high levels of acid compounds (12.71%) and D-limonene (72.69%). The microbiostatic activities of these essential oils against Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus fumigatus were ranked as follows: lemon essential oil>CRP essential oil>kumquat essential oil. D-limonene was not the only microbiostatic component in the three essential oils, and their microbiostatic activities were closely related to microbiostatic components other than D-limonene. Other microbiostatic components, including γ-pinene and β-pinene, which were abundant in lemon essential oil, can work synergistically with D-limonene to effectively improve its microbiostatic activity. Essential oils extracted by this method can help to facilitate the development of related natural microbiostatic products.

广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目（2022B1515120083）