余甘子（Phyllanthus emblica，PE）是近年广受关注的药食两用水果，但关于其减肥降脂功效及具体作用成分鲜有报道。该研究提取了云南野生PE富含的黄酮多酚物质（Phyllanthus Emblica Extract，PEE），发现其在小鼠前脂肪细胞（3T3-L1）模型中，能够显著抑制3T3-L1细胞分化至成熟脂肪细胞，减少脂滴生成量，300 μg/mL作用时，细胞总甘油三酯（Triglyceride，TG）、总胆固醇（Total Cholesterol，TC）相对含量分别降低至66.47%、40.87%，这表明，云南野生PE中的PEE具有减肥降脂潜力。通过HPLC分析测得，云南野生PE中含有3 030.78 μg/g鞣花酸，560.70 μg/g 漆黄素。将鞣花酸和漆黄素以5:1的比例还原搭配成混合物（Ellagic Acid and Fisetin，EF），研究其对高脂饮食（High Fat Diet，HFD）小鼠模型的影响。结果显示，EF 能够抑制HFD小鼠的体质量和白色脂肪增长，高剂量干预时，血清TG、TC、LDL-C含量分别降低了45.48%、12.06%、37.54%，HDL-C水平提高了18.75%；HFD小鼠的肝脏指数、血清中ALT和AST分别降低了7.80%、21.59%、41.64%。EF 具有减肥降脂功效，且对肝脏具有一定的修复作用，是云南野生PE减肥降脂作用的重要成分。

Phyllanthus emblica (PE) is an edible and medicinal fruit that has received much attention in recent years, but little has been reported about its anti-obesity and lipid-lowering effects as well as specific functional components. In this study, the flavonol-rich polyphenols from Yunnan wild PE were extracted (Phyllanthus emblica Extract, PEE). It was found that in the 3T3-L1 cell model, PEE could significantly inhibit the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells into mature adipocytes and reduce the production of lipid droplets. When PEE at 300 μg/mL was applied, the relative contents of total triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) in cells were reduced to 66.47% and 40.87%, respectively, suggesting that PEE in Yunnan wild PE has the potential to promote weight loss and lipid reduction. HPLC analysis revealed that Yunnan wild PE contained ellagic acid (3 030.78 μg/g) and fisetin (560.70 μg/g). Ellagic acid and fisetin were mixed at a 5:1 ratio to form a mixture (EF), and the effect of EF on a high-fat diet (HFD) mouse model was examined. The results showed that EF could inhibit the growth of body weight and white fat in HFD mice, and decreased the serum TG, TC and LDL-C contents by 45.48%, 12.06% and 37.54%, respectively, while increasing the HDL-C level by 18.75%. The liver index, serum ALT and AST of the HFD mice decreased by 7.80%, 21.59% and 41.64%, respectively. EF exhibited anti-obesity and lipid-lowering effects, and could exert certain repairing functions on the liver, thus, EF are important components accounting at least paritially for the anti-obesity and lipid-lowering effects of Yunnan wild PE.

国家自然科学基金项目（31972078）；中国博士后面上项目（2020M672651）；广东省功能食品活性物重点实验室项目（2018B030322010）；广东省现代农业产业共性关键技术研发创新团队建设项目（2023KJ117）